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Phase I Medicine > B2 Anatomy of the Heart > Flashcards

B2 Anatomy of the Heart Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

Where is the heart in the body?

A

Thorax

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2
Q

How big is the heart?

A

In adulthood about the size of one’s own fist

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3
Q

Where does the apex of the heart point towards?

A

Left nipple

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4
Q

Where is the right side of the heart located?

A

between third and sixth costal cartilages (at sternal angles)

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5
Q

Where is the apex of the heart located?

A

5th intercostal space, mid clavicular line

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6
Q

What fraction of the heart is on the left side of the heart?

A

2/3

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7
Q

Which vertebra does the heart start on?

A

T5

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8
Q

Which vertebra does the heart end at?

A

T8

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9
Q

What is the the heart tissue known as?

A

Pericardium

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10
Q

What is serous pericardium made from?

A

Parietal pericardium

Visceral pericardium

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11
Q

What is the heart muscle actually made from?

A

Visceral pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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12
Q

Where is fibrous pericardium?

A

The outermost layer of the pericardium

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13
Q

What is between the visceral and parietal pericardium?

A

Pericardial cavity

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14
Q

Where is the endocardium?

A

Lining the ventricles and atria

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15
Q

What type of cavity is the pericardial cavity?

A

A potential space

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16
Q

What is the appearance of parietal pericardium?

A

Shiny

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17
Q

What is the posterior surface of the heart in its anatomical position?

A

Left atrium

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18
Q

What part of the heart forms the apex?

A

Left ventricle

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19
Q

What is the part of the heart in contact with the sternal surface?

A

Left ventricle

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20
Q

What is the part of the heart in contact with the diaphragm?

A

Left ventricle/ Right ventricle

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21
Q

What is the surface in contact with the diaphragm known as?

A

Diaphragmatic surface

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22
Q

What is the surface in contact with the left lung known as?

A

Left pulmonary border

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23
Q

What is the right border of the heart?

A

Right atrium and superior vena cava

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24
Q

What is the left border of the heart?

A

Left ventricle
Left auricle
Pulmonary trunk
Aortic arch

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25
Why is knowing the radiological borders of the heart important?
You'll be able to know the locations of pathology when the border gets distorted
26
What are the purposes of the atria?
To fill the ventricles | To set the cardiac pace
27
What is the pace of the atria contracting?
>60bpm
28
What is the sinus venarum?
The smooth area of the right atrium
29
What is the musculi pectini
The rough area of the right atrium
30
What is the sulcus terminalis?
The groove on the outside of the heart which marks the location of the SAN
31
What is the crista terminalis?
A ridge on the inside of the heart that separates the smooth area from the rough area and contains the SAN
32
What is the fossa ovalis?
A hole in the septum of the heart in fetal circulation
33
Where would you find the septum of the heart?
Between the left and right sides of the heart
34
True or false? The left atrium forms one of the borders of the heart?
False
35
Is the left side of the heart thicker than the right side of the heart?
Yes
36
Why is one side of the heart thicker than the other?
To pump over greater area and against gravity.
37
Without the SAN, how quickly can the ventricles pump?
Maximum 40bpm
38
What are trabeculae carnae?
'ridges of meat'; lumps all over the place
39
What are cordae tendinae?
Tendinous cords
40
Where are trabeculae carnae?
Right ventricle
41
Where are cordae tendinae?
Right ventricle
42
What is the function of cordae tendinae?
Stops backflow of blood by holding valves down.
43
What are papillary muscles?
Muscles in the right ventricle of the heart
44
Why are papillary muscles important?
Contracts to close valves by pulling on the cusps
45
What is the trabeculum septomarginalis?
A moderator band that the right bundle of His travels through
46
What is the infundibulum?
Smooth funnel-like pathway leading to the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
47
Which of the two ventricles does the septum project into?
The right ventricle
48
What does papillary muscle infarction result in?
Regurgitation/ ejection at the point when ventricular pressure is greater than the cordae tendinae can control
49
What is the only valve that isn't tricuspid?
Left AV - Mitral
50
What plane do all of the cardiac valves roughly lie in?
Almost sagittal plane behind sternum
51
Why can't you directly auscultate the valves?
1. They're behind the sternum 2. Chamber into which the valve opens is closer than the valves 3. Better and easier to distinguish the sounds by auscultating the direction of flow.
52
What is the direction of flow across the aortic valve?
Superior and lateral to the valve - left side of sternum
53
What is the direction of flow across the pulmonary valve?
Superior but contralateral to the aortic valve
54
What is the direction of flow across the tricuspid valve?
Towards the apex of the heart
55
What is the direction of flow across the mitral valve?
At the apex of the heart
56
How can you determine pathology though auscultation?
The auscultatory regions will move if affected by something
57
Where do the heart's sinuses drain into?
Coronary arteries
58
Where is the right coronary artery in relation to the sinus?
Comes off the anterior sinus
59
Where is the left coronary artery in relation to the sinus?
Comes off the posterior sinus
60
What are the correct names for the sinuses?
One anterior; two posterior
61
Are there left, right and posterior sinuses?
No - these are incorrect anatomically
62
What is special about coronary artery filling?
They only fill when valves are closed and blood rushes back from the aorta to fill them (diastole) - don't fill when the heart ejects its blood
63
Why do coronary arteries fill weirdly?
1. They are not positioned where the flow of blood would be in systole. 2. The pressure is too high for there to be enough blood filling for them
64
When the heart muscle is contracting, what happens to the capillary bed?
It closes off
65
Where can you find coronary arteries?
Next to the coronary sinuses | On the surface of the heart
66
What is the purpose of the coronary arteries?
They supply the heart muscle
67
How do the coronary sinuses distribute supplying and draining the heart?
They equally supply and drain the heart
68
Where is the coronary sinus?
the coronary groove between the left atrium and left ventricle.
69
Where does the coronary sinus drain into?
The coronary sinus opens into the right atrium between the openings of the inferior vena cava and the tricuspid valve
70
What is the obtuse marginal artery?
A branch of the left circumflex artery which travels towards the apex of the heart
71
What are the accompaniments to coronary arteries?
Cardiac veins
72
What are the different cardiac veins?
Great Middle Small
73
What does the great cardiac vein accompany?
Anterior interventricular artery
74
What does the middle cardiac vein accompany?
Posterior interventricular artery
75
What does the small vein accompany?
Marginal artery
76
Where do oblique veins come off of?
Left atrium
77
Where do veins (exc. veni cordis minimi) drain blood?
Into the coronary sinus which drains into the right atrium
78
Where do veni cordis minimi drain into?
The chamber nearest to them
79
What is the average heart rate of an adult?
72bpm

Phase I Medicine (46 decks)

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