B4-087 Renal Physiology VI Flashcards
(36 cards)
when sodium is reabsorbed, […] is secreted
potassium
activates the proton pumps
hormone
aldosterone
hyperaldosterone = metabolic alkalosis
how does hypokalemia cause metabolic alkalosis?
- potassium moves out
- H+ moves in to maintain electrical neutrality –> raises blood pH
- also: increased ammonia production
- hypertension
- hypokalemia
- metabolic acidosis
w/ low renin and low aldosterone
Liddle’s syndrome
diuretic that targets ENac
triamterene
treatment for Liddles
why does hyperglycemia cause pseudohyponatremia?
- water is driven by glucose out of cells into ECF
- cause volume expansion
- dilutes sodium in ECF
when sodium goes down, […] goes down
chloride
why is plasma K+ high in acidosis?
acidosis causes K+ to move from cell to ECF in exchange for H+
all the glucose is reabsorbed in the
proximal tubule
glucose is secreted in urine when
surpasses point of saturation
why does acidosis cause hypercalciuria?
acidosis triggers osteoclasts –> high bone turnover –> hypercalciuria –> nephrolithiasis
causes generalize reduction in bone density
how does acidosis cause kidney stones?
hypercalciuria + increased citrate reabsorption
low citrate and high urine pH precipitate stones
treatment of distal renal tubular acidosis
- restore pH with bicarb and sodium citrate
- KCl supplement therapy
- vitamin D/Ca++ for ricketts
produced by mutations that cause hyperactivation of ENac
liddle’s
- high blood pressure
- low renin
- low aldosterone
Liddle’s
what causes pseudohyponatremia in hyperglycemia?
high glucose in plasma pulls water into the ECF, dilutes sodium
metabolic acidosis from renal tubular acidosis type 1 (distal) can be differed from type 2 (proximal) via…?
bicarbonate excretion in urine
bicarbonate release in urine is […] in proximal RTA and […] in distal RTA
increased in proximal
decreased in distal
what favors calcium precipitation in the renal ultrafiltrate?
decrease in citrate in urine
and high pH of urine
how would SIADH affect:
blood pressure:
plasma renin:
aldosterone:
serum Mg2+:
urine Ca2+:
blood pressure: –/increased
plasma renin: low
aldosterone: low
serum Mg2+: –
urine Ca2+: –
how would primary hyperaldosteronism affect:
blood pressure:
plasma renin:
aldosterone:
serum Mg2+:
urine Ca2+:
blood pressure: high
plasma renin: low
aldosterone: high
serum Mg2+: –
urine Ca2+: –
how would Bartter syndrome effect:
blood pressure:
plasma renin:
aldosterone:
serum Mg2+:
urine Ca2+:
blood pressure: –
plasma renin: high
aldosterone: high
serum Mg2+: –
urine Ca2+: high
how would Gitelman syndrome effect:
blood pressure:
plasma renin:
aldosterone:
serum Mg2+:
urine Ca2+:
blood pressure: –
plasma renin: high
aldosterone: high
serum Mg2+: low
urine Ca2+: low
how would Liddle syndrome effect:
blood pressure:
plasma renin:
aldosterone:
serum Mg2+:
urine Ca2+:
blood pressure: high
plasma renin: low
aldosterone: low
serum Mg2+: –
urine Ca2+: –
