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GIR Test 4 > B5-047 Renal Drugs > Flashcards

B5-047 Renal Drugs Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

recommended monotherapy for HTN in elderly

A

thiazides or ca+ channel blockers

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2
Q

what part of the tubule do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work on?

A

proximal

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3
Q

what part of the tubule do loop diuretics work on?

A

ascending loop of Henle

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4
Q

what part of the tubule do thiazide diuretics work on?

A

DCT

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5
Q

what part of the tubule do Na+ channel inhibitors and aldosterone receptor antagonists work on?

A

collecting duct

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6
Q

main clinical applications for diuretics

A

heart failure (loop)
HTN (thiazide)

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7
Q

opthalmic preparation of carbonic anhydrases

2

A
  • brinzolamide
  • dorzolamide
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8
Q

-amide

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

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9
Q
  • used to treat glaucoma
  • both oral and topical preparations
A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

-amides

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10
Q

causes self limited NaHCO3 diuresis and decreased total body HCO3- stores

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

-amides

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11
Q

used to treat:
metabolic alkalosis
alititude sickness
intracranial HTN
glaucoma

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

-amides

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12
Q

adverse effects

  • type 2 RTA
  • renal stones
  • renal potassium wasting
  • CNS effects
A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

-amides

“acid” azolamide causes acidosis

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13
Q

loop diuretics

4

A
  • furosemide
  • bumetanide
  • torsemide
  • ethacrynic acid

-ide

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14
Q
  • inhibit NKCC
  • abolish hypertonicity of medulla
  • prevent concentration of urine
A

loop diuretics

-ides

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15
Q

cause increased Ca+ and Mg2+ excretion

A

loop diuretics

-ides

Loops Lose Ca2+

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16
Q

nonsulfonamide loop diuretic

A

ethacrynic acid

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17
Q

adverse effects:

  • ototoxicity
  • hypokalemia
  • hypomagnesium
  • dehydration
  • allergy (sulfa)
  • Alkalosis
  • Nephritis
  • Gout
A

loop diuretics

OHH DAANG

-ides

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18
Q

interact with NSAIDs

A

loop diuretics

-ides

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19
Q
  • cause hypokalemia
  • frequently combined with potassium sparing agent
A

loop diuretics

-ides

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20
Q

powerful stimulators of renin release

A

loop diuretics

-ides

may have to add beta blocker to counteract

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21
Q

most commonly used for relief of pulmonary edema

A

loop diuretics

-ides

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22
Q

used to treat:

  • HTN if thiazides don’t work
  • severe hyperkalemia
  • acute renal failure (increase urine volume)
A

loop diuretics

-ides

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23
Q

which loop diuretic is most prone to causing ototoxicity?

A

ethacrynic acid

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24
Q

adverse effects

  • dehydration
  • hyponatremia
  • hypokalemia
  • ototoxicity
  • hyperuricemia/gout
  • allergic reactions
A

loop diuretics

-ides

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25
* inhibit NaCl reabsorption in the early DCT * reduce the diluting capacity of nephron and reduce Ca2+ excretion
-thiazides
26
inhibit Na+/Cl- cotransport
-thiazides
27
preferred as antihypertensive drugs in AA and elderly
-thiazides
28
enhance Ca2+ reabsorption due to increased Na+ gradient
-thiazides
29
# adverse effects: * hyperuricemia * hypokalemia
-thiazides
30
ineffective at low GFR
-thiazides | **use loop diuretic instead**
31
# effective treatment for: * HTN at low dose * CHF at high dose * nephrolithiasis * diabetes insipidus
-thiazides
32
preferred -thiazide due to long half-life and proven reduction of CVD in clinical trials
low dose chlorthalidone
33
# adverse effects * hyperglycemia * hyperlipidemia * hyperuricemia * hypercalcemia
-thiazides | hyperGLUC
34
contraindicated in prediabetic patients and those with elevated lipid panels
-thiazides | due to adverse effects
35
which are better antihypertensives: loop or thiazides?
-thiazides
36
which have a better diuretic efficacy: loops or thiazides?
loop diuretics
37
act in the ascending loop of Henle on NKCC transporter
loop diuretics
38
act in DCT on NaCl transporter
-thiazides
39
cause increased Ca2+ excretion | loops or thiazides
loops
40
cause reduced calcium excretion | loops or thiazides
-thiazides
41
effective at a low GFR | loop or thiazides
loop
42
ineffective at a low GFR | loop or -thiazides
-thiazides
43
two groups of potassium sparing diuretics
aldosterone antagonists Na+ channel blockers
44
-ones | eplerenone, spironolactone
aldosterone antagonists
45
Na+ channel blockers | 2
amiloride triamterene
46
weak diuretics but can be used to counteract hypokalemia caused by loops or -thiazides
potassium sparing diuretics
47
often combined with thiazide or loop diuretics to minimize or prevent potassium depletion
potassium sparing diuretics
48
aldosterone antagonists | 2
eplerenone spironolactone
49
# effective treatment for: * primary mineralcorticoid hypersecretion * secondary aldosteronism due to CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome * Liddle's syndrome
potassium sparing diuretics
50
# adverse effects * hyperkalemia * metabolic acidosis * gynecomastia * kidney stones
potassium sparing diuretics
51
Spironolactone Eplerone Amiloride Triamterene
potassium sparing diuretics | Keep your SEAT
52
-vaptans
ADH antagonists
53
used to manage SIADH when water restriction cannot correct the abnormality
ADH antagonists | -vaptans
54
used in CHF when ADH is elevated due to low blood volume
ADH antagonists | -vaptans
55
what should be monitored closely when using ADH antagonists?
serum Na+ | can cause hypernatremia and DI
56
osmotic diuretic
mannitol | prevents water reabsorption
57
used for emergency reduction of ICP
mannitol
58
first choice diuretics in heart failure
loop diuretics
59
recommended for monotherapy of mild to moderate HTN
thiazides
60
B1 selective blockers | B1 expressed in kidney and heart, 4
* atenolol * betaxolol * bisprolol * metoprolol
61
more effective for treatment of HTN in young and caucasians
B1 blockers
62
drug of choice for CAD
b1 blockers
63
normally combined with other antihypertensives to counteract: * increased renin by thiazides/loops * reflex tachy
b1 blockers
64
why are b1 blockers not considered first line for HTN?
significant risk of new onset diabetes
65
-flozin
SGLT2 inhibitors
66
* block glucose reabsorption * results in A1C reduction and weight loss
SGLT2 i
67
increase secretion of uric acid in urine
URAT 1 inhibitors
68
URAT 1 inhibitors | 3
* probenecid * silfinpyrazole * lesinurad
69
used in patients will gout that do not respond to allopurinol or febuxostat
uricosuric drugs
70
can cause kidney stones due to high uric acid
uricosuric drugs
71
used for type 2 diabetes
SGLT2
72
used for hyperuricosuria, gout
uricosuric drugs

GIR Test 4 (18 decks)

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