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GIR Test 4 > B5-037 Renal Physiology II > Flashcards

B5-037 Renal Physiology II Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

main area where a lot of reabsorption occurs

A

proximal tubule

70% of the ultrafiltrate

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2
Q

second stage for reabsorption

A

descending loop of Henle

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3
Q

capillaries of the second capillary bed of the portal system of the nephron

A

peritubular capillaries

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4
Q

path through the cell

A

transcellular

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5
Q

path between cells, across zona occludens

A

paracellular

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6
Q

all salt and water transport in the proximal tubule depends on the gradient generated by

A

Na/K/ATPase

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7
Q

damage of […] will greatly impair the reabsorptive function of the proximal tubule

A

Na/K/ATPase

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8
Q

segment involving concentrating or diluting urine

A

loop of Henle

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9
Q

secondary place for sodium reabsorption

A

ascending loop of Henle

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10
Q

important transporter at apical side of cells in ascending loop of Henle

A

Na/K/2Cl

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11
Q

furosemide inhibits […], impairing salt reabsorption in the loop of Henle

A

NKCC

causes diuresis

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12
Q

[…] is key for the capacity of the kidney to concentrate the urine

transporter

A

NKCC

loop of Henle

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13
Q

main hormone for regulation of sodium reabsorption

A

aldosterone

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14
Q

main target of aldosterone effects

A

sodium transport mechanism
(Na channel + NaKATPase)

distal tubule

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15
Q

increases sodium and water reabsorption, causing an increase in intravascular volume and high blood pressure

hormone

A

aldosterone

distal tubule

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16
Q

where in the nephron does aldosterone primarily exert its effects?

A

distal tubule

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17
Q

regulates water reabsorption in the collecting ducts

hormone

A

ADH

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18
Q

ADH binds to V2 receptors in the collecting duct causing the

A

phosphorylation of aquaporin2

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19
Q

higher expression of […] at the apical membrane of the collecting duct cells mediates water reabsorption

A

aquaporin2

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20
Q

low levels of ADH lead to intense

A

polyuria

less phosphorylation of AQ2

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21
Q

glucose and amino acids are absorbed 100% in the

A

proximal tubule

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22
Q

most Mg2+ is reabsorbed in the

A

loop of Henle

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23
Q

most important cation in determination of ECF osmolarity

A

sodium

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24
Q

main organ that maintains natriemia

A

kidney

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25
thiazides inhibit [...] in the distal tubule
NaCl costransporter | water not reabsorbed, more urine volume
26
apical sodium channel in collecting tubule
ENac
27
apical side transporters of proximal tubule | 4
* Na-glucose cotransporter * Na-amino acid co transporter * NaH antiporter * Na Channels
28
basolateral side transporters of proximal tubule | 2
* NaKATPase * Na-bicarb cotransporter
29
apical side transporter of loop of Henle
NKCC cotransporter
30
basolateral side transporter of loop of Henle
NaKATPase
31
apical side transporter of distal tubule
NaCl cotransporter
32
basolateral side transporter of distal tubule
NaKATPase
33
apical side transporter of collecting duct
ENac
34
basolateral side transporter of collecting duct
NaKATPase
35
follows Na+ and is regulated by the agents that regulate Na+
chloride
36
postassium is mainly | intracellular or extracellular
intracellular
37
sodium is mainly | intracellular or extracellular
extracellular
38
main organ for excretion of potassium
kidney
39
handling of K+ in the proximal tubule is mainly through
tight junctions
40
main transporter for potassium in loop of Henle
NKCC
41
main factor that regulates potassium secretion
aldosterone
42
basolateral calcium transporters throughout nephron | 2
Na/Ca exchanger CaATPase
43
apical calcium transporter throughout nephron
Ca channel
44
H2PO4 (phosphate) transport depends on
sodium | proximal tubule
45
glucose is handled by the
proximal tubule | 100%
46
SGLT-2 inhibitors cause glucose to be extreted through [transporter] on the basolateral side of the cell
GLUT 2 | proximal tubule, loose glucose in urine
47
beyond the level of maximal transport, the excess glucose in the ultrafiltrate will be
excreted | appears in urine
48
when the mechanism of transport are saturated (maxima transport) [...] appears in urine
glucose
49
an excess of K+ in the diet will trigger excretion via
NaKATPase | principle cells of collecting ducts
50
NKCC transporter in the loop of Henle is involved in [....] of K+ | reabsorption or secretion
reabsorption
51
in which segment of the nephron does tubular fluid have a greater osmolarity than plasma?
descending loop of Henle
52
which segment gains salt and loses water as it passes through renal medulla?
descending loop of Henle
53
in the distal tubule, tubular fluid is [...] compared to plasma | hyper or hypotonic
hypotonic
54
which part of the nephron has an osmolarity similar to plasma? | 2
Bowman's space proximal tubule
55
what causes glucosuria?
saturation of the mechanisms that transport glucose in the renal tubules
56
all salt and water transport in the proximal tubule depens on the the sodium gradient generated by
NaKATPase
57
how does the glomerular tubular balance respond to an increase in GFR?
higher reabsorption of salt and water
58
what mechanism plays a primary role in preventing salt waste?
glomerulotubular balance
59
what contributes to the retention of uric acid in blood?
lower GFR
60
furosemide inhibits what transporter?
NKCC
61
how would furosemide effect that fractional excretion of sodium?
increases FENa
62
inhibits Na+/PO43- cotransport | in PCT
PTH | phosphate is excreted
63
stimulates the Na+/H+ exchanger | in PCT
angiotensin II | increases Na, H20 and bicarb reabsorption
64
passively reabsorbs H2O via medullary hypertonicity
descending loop of Henle | impermeable to water
65
concentrating segment, makes urine hypertonic
descending loop of Henle
66
* reabsorbs Na+, K+, and Cl- * indirectly induces paracellular reabsorption of Mg2+ and Ca2+ through K+ backleak
ascending loop of Henle
67
* reabsorbs Na+, Cl- * impermeable to H2O * makes urine hypotonic
DCT
68
stimulates Ca2+/Na+ exchanger in DCT to promote Ca2+ reabsorption
PTH
69
reabsorbs Na+ in exchange for secreting K+ and H+
collecting tubule | regulated by aldosterone

GIR Test 4 (18 decks)

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