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GIR Test 4 > B5-099 Electrolyte Imbalance > Flashcards

B5-099 Electrolyte Imbalance Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

what electrolyte disturbance is causing these symptoms?

nausea
malaise
stupor
coma
seizures

A

low sodium

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2
Q

what electrolyte disturbance is causing these symptoms?

irritability
stupor
coma

A

high sodium

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3
Q

what electrolyte disturbance is causing these symptoms?

U waves and flattened T waves on ECG
arrhythmias
muscle cramps
spasm
weakness

A

low potassium

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4
Q

what electrolyte disturbance is causing these symptoms?

wide QRS and peaked T waves on ECG
arrhythmias
muscle weakness

A

high potassium

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5
Q

what electrolyte disturbance is causing these symptoms?

tetany
seizures
QT prolongation
twitching
spasm

A

low calcium

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6
Q

what electrolyte disturbance is causing these symptoms?

renal stones
bone pain
abdominal pain
increased urinary frequency
anxiety
AMS

A

high calcium

stones, bones, groans, thrones, psychiatric overtones

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7
Q

what electrolyte disturbance is causing these symptoms?

tetany
torsades
hypokalemia
hypocalcemia

A

low magnesium

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8
Q

what electrolyte disturbance is causing these symptoms?

lethargy
bradycardia
hypotension
cardiac arrest
hypocalcemia

A

high magnesium

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9
Q

what electrolyte disturbance is causing these symptoms?

bone loss
osteomalacia
rickets

A

low phosphate

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10
Q

what electrolyte disturbance is causing these symptoms?

renal stones
metastatic calcifications
hypocalcemia

A

high phosphate

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11
Q

winter’s formula

A

PCO2= 1.5 [HCO3] + 8 +/- 2

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12
Q

what type of volume osmolality disturbance does malabsorptive diarrhea cause?

A

hypotonic contraction

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13
Q

Bartters syndrome causes metabolic […]

A

alkalosis

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14
Q

excess aldosterone activates the proton ATPases causing excessive proton loss and metabolic alkalosis

A

Bartters

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15
Q

in RTA, calcium levels are abnormally […]

A

increased

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16
Q

in RTA, the high amount of protons and low pH stimulate bone reabsorption and […] release into blood

A

calcium

causes hypercalciuria

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17
Q

what type of volume osmolality disturbance does diabetes insipidus cause?

A

hypertonic contraction

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18
Q

diabetes insipidus leads to […] due to the primary loss in free water

Na+

A

hypernatremia

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19
Q

fever and tachypnea lead to […] due to a primary loss of free water

Na+

A

hypernatremia

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20
Q

psychogenic polydipsia dilutes body fluids causing

Na+

A

hyponatremia

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21
Q

what type of volume osmolality disturbance does excess administration of .9% saline cause?

A

isotonic expansion

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22
Q

what type of volume osmolality disturbance does hemorrhage cause?

A

isotonic contraction

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23
Q

what type of volume osmolality disturbance does Liddle’s syndrome cause?

A

hypertonic expansion

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24
Q

what type of volume osmolality disturbance does malabsorptive diarrhea cause?

A

hypotonic contraction

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25
what type of volume osmolality disturbance does profuse sweating cause?
hypertonic contraction
26
what type of volume osmolality disturbance does psychogenic polydipsia cause?
hypotonic expansion
27
leads to excessive Na+ retention and K+ loss due to excessive stimulation of the basolateral NaKATPase
primary hyperaldosteronism
28
* hypernatremia * hypokalemia * metabolic alkalosis
primary hyperaldosteronism
29
how does primary hyperaldosteronism cause metabolic alkalosis?
hyperactivation of proton ATPases that excrete protons into tubular lumen
30
characterized by loss of potassium in urine leading to hypokalemia
Bartters
31
aldosterone deficiency ACE inhibitors and acidosis all cause.. | hypo or hyper kalemia
hyperkalemia
32
what electrolyte imbalance would be seen with excessive use of furosemide?
hyponatremia | inhibits NKCC
33
in bartter's, the increase in renin release due to malfunction of the NKCC leads to
secondary hyperaldosteronism
34
in Bartters, hyperaldosteronism causes continuous activation of proton secretion, leading to
metabolic alkalosis
35
mannitol causes movement of water from the interstitial space to the bloodstream causing
dilution of electrolytes
36
[...] inhibits ANP release
hypovolemia
37
renin and SNS activation cause [...] of TPR
increase
38
fluid contraction and low BP activate
RAAS system
39
diarrhea causes [...] levels of bicarb in plasma
reduced
40
chracterized by the low urine volume, presence of hemoglobin and RBCs in urine
HUS
41
loss of hydrochloric acid through vomiting leads to
alkalosis | increased pH
42
how does vomiting affect blood pH?
increase
43
atypical HUS is caused by
genetic mutation leading to chronic uncontrolled activation of the complement system
44
characterized by activation of blood coagulation resulting in generation and deposition of fibrin and consumption of clotting factors
DIC
45
results in hemorrhage and MODS
DIC
46
* rare blood disorder characterized by clotting in small vessels, resulting in a low platelet count * accompanied by neurological abnormalities and purpura
TTP
47
the first immediate goal for a patient with HUS should be
control electrolyte balance and avoid dehydration
48
should you give antibiotics for HUS?
no, destruction of bacteria will exacerbate disease
49
HUS causes [...] GFR | low or high
low
50
characterized by an increased in sodium reabsorption through a mutated ENAc
Liddles
51
Liddles syndrome causes an [...] in intravascular volume | increase or decrease
increase
52
constant diarrhea cause loss of which electrolytes?
all | despite retention of Na+ and K+ due to kidney failure, GI losses dominat
53
* hypernatremia * hypokalemia * metabolic alkalosis
primary hyperaldosteronism
54
* hyponatremia * hyperkalemia * metabolic acidosis
hypoaldosteronism
55
hypercalcemia accompanying RTA is due to
bone reabsorption
56
thiazide OD can cause what electrolyte imbalance?
hyponatremia with hypotonicity
57
what electrolyte imbalance can beta-2-agonists cause?
hypokalemia
58
beta 2 stimulation shifts K+ into cells via activation of
NaKATPase in skeletal muscle | **causes drop in intravascular K+**
59
what electrolyte disturbances does secretory diarrhea cause?
hypokalemia metabolic acidosis
60
in metabolic acidosis with compensation by the lungs, PaCO2 will [...] and PaO2 will [...]
PaCO2 will decrease PaO2 will increase
61
what electrolyte disturbances does Gitelman's cause?
hyponatremia hypokalemia hypomagnesemia hypocalcemia
62
in diabetes insipidus, electrolytes in the plasma would be [...]
concentrated
63
respiratory acidosis inhibits NaKATPase causing
hyperkalemia
64
insulin activates NaKATPase simulating the uptake of [...] into cells
K+ | K+ will decrease in plasma

GIR Test 4 (18 decks)

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