B4-093 Lungs, Mechanism of Breathing, Mediastinum

Question 1

the sternal angle projects back to

Answer 1

T4-T5

Question 2

the caval opening in the central tendon of the diaphragm is in line with

Answer 2

T8

Question 3

the esophageal opening in the diaphragm is in line with

Answer 3

T10

Question 4

the aortic diatus of the diaphragm is in line with

Answer 4

T12

Question 5

Answer 5

A. SVC
B. right atrium
C. IVC
D. aortic arch
E. left ventricle

Question 6

groove for the horizontal fissure lies in

Answer 6

right lung

Question 7

the lingula lies in the

Answer 7

left lung

Question 8

keel-like septum at the bifurcation of the trachea

Answer 8

carina

Question 9

loops around arch of aorta near the ligamentum arteriosum

Answer 9

left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 10

hooks around right subclavian artery

Answer 10

right recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 11

drains into the subclavian vein

Answer 11

internal thoracic

Question 12

the azygous drains into the

Answer 12

superior vena cava

Question 13

the diaphragm […] during inspiration, and […] during expiration

Answer 13

contracts; relaxes

Question 14

when the diaphragm contracts, it

Answer 14

flattens

Question 15

the main role of all the intercostals during all phases of respiration is

Answer 15

maintaining spacing and rigidity

Question 16

maintain intercostal spaces during inspiration

Answer 16

external intercostals

Question 17

maintain intercostal spaces during expiration

Answer 17

internal and innermost

Question 18

the ribs elevate during

Answer 18

inspiration

Question 19

carries parasympathetic nerve fibers

Answer 19

vagus

Question 20

• thoracic duct
• esophagus
• descending aorta
• azygous system

are found where?

Answer 20

posterior mediastinum

Question 21

the thymus is found in the […] mediastinum

Answer 21

anterior

Question 22

flow of lymph through the bronchopulmonary lymphatic plexus

Answer 22

1. pulmonary lymph nodes
2. bronchopulmonary lymph nodes
3. tracheobronchial lymph nodes
4. bronchomediastinal lymph trucks
5. right: right lymphatic duct; left: thoracic duct

Question 23

which bronchus is shorter, wider, and more vertical?

Answer 23

right main

Question 24

aspirated bodies are most likely to become lodged in the

2

Answer 24

1. right main bronchus
2. right inferior lobar bronchus

Question 25

small ridge at inferior end of the trachea that separates the openings of the right and left main bronchi

Answer 25

carina

Question 26

mucosal covering is highly sensitive, contact by an aspirated object stimulates the cough reflex

Answer 26

carina

Question 27

bronchus that is longer, more narrow, more horizontal

Answer 27

left main bronchus

Question 28

turns superiorly from the end of the main bronchus to enter the superior lobe

Answer 28

right superior bronchus

Question 29

what does the diaphragm do during inspiration?

Answer 29

contracts, flattens, and lowers

Question 30

fibrous tissue attached to C7

Answer 30

suprapleural membrane

Question 31

what does the sternum do during inspiration?

Answer 31

moves anteriorly and upward

Question 32

what do the ribs do during respiration?

Answer 32

maintain distance, move as a unit

Question 33

what do the abdominal muscles do during inspiration?

Answer 33

relax to accomodate rise in intra abdominal pressure

Question 34

travels between azygous vein, aorta, and esophagus in the posterior mediastinum

Answer 34

thoracic duct

Question 35

penetration of the pleural cavity results in

Answer 35

pneumothorax

Question 36

the parietal pleura is innervated by

Answer 36

somatic afferent fibers

Question 37

the costal pleura is innervated by

Answer 37

intercostal nerves

Question 38

the diaphragmatic pleura is innervated by

Answer 38

phrenic nerves

Question 39

mediastinal pleura is innervated by

Answer 39

phrenic nerve

Question 40

lateral thoracic pain would be caused by what nerve?

Answer 40

intercostal

Question 41

left sided neck and shoulder pain would be caused by what nerve?

Answer 41

phrenic

Question 42

passes anterior to the hilum of each lung

Answer 42

phrenic nerve

Question 43

passes posterior to hilum of each lung

Answer 43

vagus

Question 44

best heard at right midclavicular line at the level of fifth intercostal space

Answer 44

middle lobe of right lung

Question 45

inferior lobes of the lung are best heard

Answer 45

posteriorly

Question 46

superior lobes of the lungs are best heard

Answer 46

anteriorly

Question 47

aortic arch aneuryms is likely to compress

Answer 47

left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 48

compression of left recurrent laryngeal nerve causes

Answer 48

hoarse voice

Question 49

# what do these findings suggest? * swelling of right side of face, neck and upper limb * engorged right jugular vein * weak right radial pulse

Answer 49

mass in upper lobe of left lung | blocks venous and lymphatic return

Question 50

a thoracic duct blockage may result in swelling of

Answer 50

lower limbs

Question 51

passes posterior to the root of each lung

Answer 51

vagus nerve

Question 52

passes anterior to the root of each lung

Answer 52

phrenic

Question 53

descending aortoa and hemiazygous are located in the

Answer 53

posterior mediastinum

Question 54

the IVC is located in which section of the mediastinum?

Answer 54

middle

Question 55

this structure is against the esophagus as it passes through the posterior mediastinum

Answer 55

left atrium

Question 56

enlargment of what structure would cause indentation and posterior displacement of the esophagus

Answer 56

left atrium

Question 57

if CXR shows collapsed lung and mediastinal shift...

Answer 57

tension pneumothorax

Question 58

lung cancer in the apex of the lung compresses the

Answer 58

cervical lymphatic trunk stellate ganglion | Horner's

Question 59

symptoms of Horner's syndrome

Answer 59

ptosis miosis anhidrosis

Question 60

the horizontal fissure separates the

Answer 60

superior and middle lobes of right lung

Question 61

location of middle lobe of right lung

Answer 61

right 4th rib, costal cartilage of anterior chest wall

Question 62

the oblique fissure separates the

Answer 62

lower lobe from the superior and middle lobes of right lung

Question 63

extends from T2 posterior to 6th costal cartilage anterior

Answer 63

oblique fissure

Question 64

loops around arch of aorta near the ligamentum arteriosum

Answer 64

left recurrent laryngeal

Question 65

damage to the phrenic nerve would cause

Answer 65

hemidiaphragm paralysis

Question 66

during inspiration, the affected side of the diaphragm will raise, and the intact side will depress | paradoxical movement

Answer 66

hemidiaphragm paralysis

Question 67

compression of the sympathetic chain results in

Answer 67

Horner's syndrome

Question 68

lowest part of pleural space

Answer 68

costodiaphragmatic recess

Question 69

follows curvature of 6th rib

Answer 69

oblique fissure

Question 70

lies at the level of the 4th to 6th costal cartilages in left lung

Answer 70

cardiac notch

Question 71

located posterios to the sternum where the costal pleura is in contact with the mediastinal pleural

Answer 71

costomediastinal recess