EBM lectures (both)

Question 1

project purpose includes

Answer 1

• method
• population
• setting, timeframe

Question 2

SMART goal

Answer 2

• specific
• measurable
• attainable
• relevant
• time based

Question 3

primary variable of interest that are essence of project

Answer 3

outcome variables

DV

Question 4

exposures of interest, predictors of outcome, variables that define subgroups

Answer 4

predictor variables

IV

Question 5

directly measure how a patient feels, functions or survives

Answer 5

clinically meaningful endpoints

Question 6

laboratory measure or physical sign intended to be used a substitute for a clinically meaningful endpoint

Answer 6

surrogate endopoint

Question 7

provides strong evidence of temporality

Answer 7

cohort study

Question 8

forward directionality
participants are enrolled and followed forward in time to see if they develop the outcome of interest

Answer 8

cohort study

Question 9

backwards directional study where participants are defined based on disease status

Answer 9

case control study

Question 10

non directional study
exposure and outcome captured at the same time

Answer 10

cross sectional study

Question 11

use groups of people, geographically based

Answer 11

ecologic study

Question 12

most common study design to determine medical test performance

Answer 12

cross sectional

Question 13

compilation of data from multiple studies to answer a study question that has been repeatedly addressed in literature

Answer 13

meta analysis

Question 14

• allows for one individual to serve as their own control
• each individual receives both the intervention and control in sequential order

Answer 14

case crossover study

Question 15

allows for unbiased assignment of study participants from one group to another

Answer 15

randomization

Question 16

uses secondary data originally collected for a different purpose

Answer 16

nested case control

Question 17

compare populations

Answer 17

ecologic study

Question 18

assesses exposure and outcome at one point in time and does not involve assigning control groups

Answer 18

cross sectional

Question 19

participants selected on the basis of a case, then matched to control group

Answer 19

case control

Question 20

after the primary outcome is defined, what is the next step?

Answer 20

participant selection and study setting

Question 21

conducts comprehensive study of literature to address a specific clinical question

Answer 21

systematic review

Question 22

when conducting a systematic review it is critical to

Answer 22

organize and properly cite the information

Question 23

critical to QI success

Answer 23

engaging stakeholders

Question 24

3 aspects of a stakeholder analysis

Answer 24

identify
prioritize
understand

Question 25

how to satisfy and manage high power stakeholders

Answer 25

* full communication and consultation * should be recruited to team * regularly review with them

Question 26

how to monitor and inform low power stakeholders

Answer 26

valuable allies but... can be ignored if resources are tight

Question 27

# what phase identify the problem, set goal, and develop specific time table

Answer 27

plan

Question 28

# what phase successful intervention is ready to be implemented system wide

Answer 28

act

Question 29

# what stage de-novo intervention ready to be implemented

Answer 29

do

Question 30

what types of interventions are most widely accepted and most effective?

Answer 30

high impact, easy to do

Question 31

most effective interventions to change practice

Answer 31

forcing functions and placing constraints

Question 32

least effective interventions to change practice

Answer 32

rules, policies, education, and checklists | can be ignored

Question 33

a work flow diagram can help identify

Answer 33

where delays or problem points exist

Question 34

a fishbone diagram can help identify

Answer 34

key aspects and areas missed previously

Question 35

identifies the origins of the problem

Answer 35

fishbone diagram

Question 36

root cause analysis allows for

Answer 36

problem identification

Question 37

a common fishbone diagram contains

Answer 37

places procedures people policies

Question 38

model for improvement

Answer 38

aim measures changes

Question 39

examines process and outcome measures

Answer 39

model for improvement

Question 40

waiting times and time until appointment are [...] measures

Answer 40

process

Question 41

patient satisfaction is an [...] measure

Answer 41

outcome

Question 42

when an intial change takes place in the PDSA framework

Answer 42

Do

Question 43

when the change is being measured in the PDSA cycle

Answer 43

study

Question 44

pareto principle

Answer 44

20% of time or resources account for 80% of results/outcomes

Question 45

setting time bound goals that are specific and relevant to the problem

Answer 45

SMART goal

Question 46

population is outcome free at baseline, then followed forward in time to observe outcomes

Answer 46

cohort study

Question 47

researchers control the exposure assignmnment while ensuring that comparison groups are balanced on all other factors

Answer 47

randomized controlled trial

Question 48

uses data collected in the past and participants are "followed" forward in time

Answer 48

retrospective cohort study

Question 49

study design classically used to trace foodbourne outbreaks

Answer 49

case control

Question 50

allows for rapid identification of possible exposures

Answer 50

case control

Question 51

cases identified through medical offices

Answer 51

case control

Question 52

researchers start with a group of people at some set point and follow them into the future

Answer 52

prospective cohort study

Question 53

one time administration of a survey

Answer 53

cross sectional study

Question 54

both the exposure and outcome of interest are assessed simultaneously

Answer 54

cross sectional