back, spin, spinal cord and nerves

Question 1

what is the blue

Answer 1

spine of scapula

Question 2

what is the red

Answer 2

teres major
rotator cuff muscle

Question 3

what is the purple

Answer 3

latissimus dorsi

Question 4

what is the pink

Answer 4

erector spinae

Question 5

what is the green

Answer 5

trapezius

Question 6

extrinsic back muscles

Answer 6

external
- attach back to pectoral girdle
move upper limb
levator scapulae, trapezius, rhomboids, latissimus dorsi

Question 7

intrinsic back muscles

Answer 7

maintain back posture
move spine
2 groups:
- erector spinae (superficial)
- transversospinalis (deep)

Question 8

erector spinae

Answer 8

3 vertical muscle groups located lateral to the spine
inferiorly- common tendon attaches to the sacrum and iliac crest
superiorly- individual muscle fibres attach to either: a rib, a transverse process of a vertebra, a spinous process of vertebra

Question 9

nerve supply of intrinsic back muscles

Answer 9

segmental nerve supply: dermatomes
posterior rami branches

Question 10

muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall anterior to posterior

Answer 10

external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominis

Question 11

what muscles control flexion of the spine

Answer 11

psoas major and rectus abdominis

Question 12

curvatures of the vertebral column

Answer 12

cervical lordosis
thoracic kyphosis
lumbar lordosis
sacral kyphosis

Question 13

where are the spinal nerves found

Answer 13

intervertebral foramen

Question 14

outer fibrous ring of the intervertebral disc

Answer 14

annulus fibrosus

Question 15

inner soft pulp of the intervertebral disc

Answer 15

nucleus pulposus

Question 16

ligaementum flavum

Answer 16

short
connects adjacent laminae posterior to spinal cord

Question 17

anterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 17

broad, strong
prevents over-extension of spine

Question 18

what does the posterior longitudinal ligament do

Answer 18

prevents over flexion of the spine

Question 19

supraspinous ligament

Answer 19

connects tips of spinous processes
strong, fibrous

Question 20

interspinous ligament

Answer 20

connect superior and inferior surfaces of adjacent spinous processes
weak

Question 21

C1 important things

Answer 21

atlas
does not have a bony or spinous process
has a posterior arch and anterior arch instead

Question 22

what level is this

Answer 22

C1- atlas

Question 23

important things about C2

Answer 23

axis
has an odontoid process
projects superiorly from body

Question 24

what level is this

Answer 24

C2- axis

Question 25

first palpable spinous process in most people

Answer 25

C7

Question 26

what does the needle pass through in an epidural

Answer 26

supraspinous ligament interspinous ligament ligamentum flavum epidural space (fat and veins)

Question 27

what does a needle pass through in a spinal anaesthetic

Answer 27

supraspinous ligament interspinous ligament ligamentum flavum epidural space (fat and veins) dura mater arachnoid mater then reaches the subarachnoid space

Question 28

where is anaesthetic injected in caudal anaesthesia

Answer 28

sacral hiatus

Question 29

where would you test C2

Answer 29

back of scalp and adams apple

Question 30

where would you test C3

Answer 30

back of neck and jugular notch

Question 31

where would you test C4

Answer 31

clavicle and shoulder tip

Question 32

where would you test C5

Answer 32

badge patch

Question 33

where would you test C6

Answer 33

thumb

Question 34

where would you test C7

Answer 34

middle finger

Question 35

where would you test C8

Answer 35

little finger

Question 36

where would you test T1

Answer 36

medial forearm

Question 37

where would you test T2

Answer 37

medial arm and sternal angle

Question 38

where would you test T4

Answer 38

nipple

Question 39

where would you test T10

Answer 39

umbilicus

Question 40

where would you test T12

Answer 40

pubic symphysis

Question 41

where would you test L1

Answer 41

groin

Question 42

where would you test L2

Answer 42

anterior thigh

Question 43

where would you test L3

Answer 43

anterior knee

Question 44

where would you test L4

Answer 44

medial malleolus

Question 45

where would you test L5

Answer 45

dorsum of foot

Question 46

where would you test S1

Answer 46

heel

Question 47

where would you test S2

Answer 47

posterior knee

Question 48

where would you test S3

Answer 48

buttock

Question 49

where would you test S4

Answer 49

perineum

Question 50

spinal nerve root levels of the femoral nerve

Answer 50

L2, L3, and L4

Question 51

nerves that supply upper anterolateral trunk wall

Answer 51

intercostal nerves

Question 52

named nerves that supply anterolateral trunk wall

Answer 52

iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

Question 53

what does the subcostal nerve supply

Answer 53

anterior ramus of T12

Question 54

what nerve supplies the anatomical snuff box

Answer 54

cutaneous branches of the radial nerve

Question 55

what does the bicep reflex test

Answer 55

C5 (6)

Question 56

what does the triceps reflex test

Answer 56

C7

Question 57

what does the supinator/brachioradialis reflex test

Answer 57

C6

Question 58

what does the knee reflex test

Answer 58

L4

Question 59

what does the ankle reflex test

Answer 59

S1

Question 60

what does spasticity mean

Answer 60

the muscle has an intact and function motor nerve the descending controls from the brain are not working = increased tone