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neuro > cranial nerves > Flashcards

cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

only CN to attach to the pons

A

trigeminal nerve

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2
Q

intracranial course of the trigeminal nerve

A

inferior to the edge of the tentorium cerebelli between the posterior and middle cranial fossae

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3
Q

which foramen does CNV1 enter

A

superior orbital fissure

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4
Q

which foramen does CNV2 enter

A

foramen rotundum

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5
Q

which foramen does CNV3 enter

A

foramen ovale

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6
Q

superficial sensory innervation of the ophthalmic nerve

A

the upper eyelid
the cornea
the conjunctiva
the skin of the root/bridge/tip of the nose

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7
Q

superficial sensory innervation of the maxillary nerve

A

the skin of the lower eyelid
the skin over the maxilla
the skin of the ala of the nose
the skin/mucosa of the upper lip

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8
Q

superficial sensory innervation of the mandibular nerve

A

skin over the mandible and temporomandibular joint (not angle of the mandible)

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9
Q

function of CNIII

A

eye movements (MR, IO, SR, IR)
pupil constriction
accommodation reflex
eyelid opening

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10
Q

palsy of CNIII

A

ptosis
down and out
dilated, fixed pupil

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11
Q

foramen that CNIII passes through

A

superior orbital fissure

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12
Q

trigeminal nerve motor innvervation

A

3 pairs of jaw closing muscles: masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid
1 pair of jaw opening muscles: lateral pterygoid
also: tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani

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13
Q

sensory test of ophthalmic nerve

A

forehead
upper eyelid and tip of the nose

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14
Q

sensory testing of maxillary nerve

A

mid-cheek, lower eyelid, upper lip and nostril of nose

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15
Q

sensory testing of mandibular nerve

A

mid-cheek, lower lip and chin

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16
Q

motor testing of trigeminal nerve

A

palpate the strength of contraction of the masseter and temporalis by asking the patient to clench their teeth
ask the patient to open their jaw against resistance

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17
Q

connection to the CNS for the facial nerve

A

anterolateral at pontomedullary junction

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18
Q

intracranial part of the course of the facial nerve

A

directly into internal acoustic meatus in the posterior cranial fossa

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19
Q

extracranial part of the course of the facial

A

most somatic motor axons pass into the parotid gland then into 1 of the 5 branches that supple the muscles of facial expression

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20
Q

chorda tympani is a branch of what nerve

A

CNVII

21
Q

what does the chorda tympani innervate

A

taste buds of the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue
parasympathetic supply to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

22
Q

the tiniest skeletal muscle in the body

A

stapedius

23
Q

what nerve innervates the stapedius

A

CNVII

24
Q

what does the stapedius do

A

reduces stapes movement to protect the internal ear from excessive noise

25
Q

clinically test motor function of facial nerve by asking patient to

A

frown
close eyes tightly
smile
puff out cheeks

26
Q

glossopharyngeal connection to the CNS

A

lateral aspect of superior medulla oblongata

27
Q

intracranial part of the course of the glossopharyngeal nerve

A

directly towards jugular foramen in the posterior cranial fossa

28
Q

extracranial part of the course of the glossopharyngeal

A

axons mainly pass to or from the tongue and palate

29
Q

special sensory function of glossopharyngeal

A

the vallate papillae (with taste buds) of the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue

30
Q

parasympathetic function of glossopharyngeal

A

to the parotid salivary gland

31
Q

afferent limb of the gag reflex

A

CNIX

32
Q

general sensory function of glossopharyngeal

A

the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue
mucosa of most of the nasopharynx
mucosa of all of the oropharynx
mucosa of some of the laryngopharynx
palatine tonsil
eustachian tube
middle ear cavity

33
Q

vagus nerve connection to CNS

A

lateral aspect of medulla oblongata, immediately inferior to CNIX

34
Q

intracranial part of the course of the vagus nerve

A

directly towards jugular foramen in the posterior cranial fossa

35
Q

extracranial part of course of vagus nerve

A

axons supply lots of structures between the palate and the midgut

36
Q

course of the vagus nerve in the chest

A

right CNX runs along lateral aspect of trachea
left CNX runs along lateral aspect of aortic arch

37
Q

clinical testing of the vagus nerve

A

ask patient to say ah- also test CNV3
- uvula should lift straight up in midline
- deviates away from the lesion
ask patient to swallow small amount of water
- watch larynx
listen to speech: hoarseness
ask patient to cough

38
Q

spinal accessory nerve connection to CNS

A

via cervical spinal nerve anterior rootlets to the spinal cord

39
Q

intracranial part of the course of the spinal accessory nerve

A

ascends through foramen magnum then travels towards jugular foramen in posterior cranial fossa

40
Q

which foramen does the spinal accessory nerve pass through

A

jugular foramen

41
Q

extracranial part of the course of the spinal accessory nerve

A

axons supply sternocleidomastoid on deep surface, then continue across posterior triangle of the neck deep to investing fascia and supply the trapezius

42
Q

clinical testing of spinal accessory nerve

A

ask patient to shrug shoulders
ask them to turn head to look up towards the opposite side

43
Q

hypoglossal nerve connection to CNS

A

via many rootlets that attach lateral to the pyramids of the medulla oblongata

44
Q

intracranial part of the course of the hypoglossal nerve

A

passes anteriorly towards hypoglossal canal in the posterior cranial fossa

45
Q

which foramen does the hypoglossal nerve pass through

A

hypoglossal canal

46
Q

extracranial part of the course of the hypoglossal nerve

A

descends in neck lateral to carotid sheath
at level of hyoid bone it passes anteriorly towards the lateral aspect of the tongue
supplies most of the muscles of the tongue

47
Q

clinical testing of the hypoglossal nerve

A

ask patient to stick tongue straight out
- tongue will point towards side of lesion

48
Q

clinical testing of the optic nerve

A

light reflexes, visual field testing, snellen chart

49
Q

oculomotor testing of cranial nerves

A

extraocular eye movements

neuro (20 decks)

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