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neuro > DUMS neuro anatomy > Flashcards

DUMS neuro anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

shoulder abduction

A

C5
deltoid

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2
Q

shoulder adduction

A

C7,
pec major and lat dorsi

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3
Q

finger joint flexion

A

C8
digit flexors

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4
Q

finger joint extension

A

C7
digit extensors

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5
Q

finger joint abduction

A

T1
dorsal interossei

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6
Q

finger joint adduction

A

T1 palmar interossei

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7
Q

elbow joint flexion

A

C5, C6
biceps brachii

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8
Q

elbow joint extension

A

C7,8
triceps brachii

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9
Q

wrist joint flecion

A

C(6)7
carpal flexors

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10
Q

wrist joint extensions

A

C6(7)

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11
Q

hip joint flexion

A

L2, L3
psoas major

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12
Q

knee joint flexion

A

L5, S1
hamstring

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13
Q

knee joint extension

A

L3, L4
quadriceps

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14
Q

ankle joint dorsiflexion

A

L4,L5
tibialis anterior

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15
Q

plantar flexion

A

S1, S2
gastrocnemius/soleus

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16
Q

inversion of the ankle joint

A

L4
tibialis anterior and posterior

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17
Q

eversion of the ankle joint

A

L5, S1
fibularis longus and brevis

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18
Q

nerve which supplies the anterior compartment of thigh

A

femoral nerve

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19
Q

nerve that supplies the posterior compartment of thigh, leg and sole of foot

A

sciatic nerve

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20
Q

nerve which branches off the sciatic nerve

A

common fibular

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21
Q

nerve that supplies the medial compartment of the thigh

A

obturator

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22
Q

nerve that supplies the lateral compartment of the leg

A

superficial branch of the common fibular

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23
Q

nerve that supplier the anterior compartment of the leg

A

deep fibular/peroneal

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24
Q

which cranial nerves do not exit anteriorly

A

IV- posteriorly
VIII- laterally

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25
Q

only sensory modality that doesn’t synapse in thalamus before reaching the cortex

A

olfactory nerve

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26
Q

where is the primary visual cortex

A

the occipital lobe

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27
Q

route of the optic nerve

A

arises forebrain
passes through optic canal
optic tract > LGN > optic radiation > visual cortex

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28
Q

visual field representation in cortex

A

The upper field is represented in the inferior calcarine cortex, and the lower field is represented in the superior cortex

29
Q

where does the macula project to

A

posterior pole of visual cortex

30
Q

what is meyer’s loop

A

information from upper visual field loop anteriorly and around temporal part of lateral ventricle, ending up below calcarine sulcus

31
Q

route of oculomotor nerve

A

arises midbrain
passes through superior orbital fissure

32
Q

what muscles does CNIII innervate

A

LPS
SR
MR
IR
IO

33
Q

EW nucleus

A

pre-ganglionic parasympathetic nucleus involved in light reflex

34
Q

route of CNIV

A

arises midbrain from trochlear nucleus
loops around aqueduct and therefore crosses (exits posteriorly)
passes through superior orbital fissure

35
Q

where does CNV arises

A

arises from pons

36
Q

motor control of CNV

A

muscle of mastication, tensor tympani, myohoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor veli palatini

37
Q

sensory nuclei for CNV

A

mesencephalic nucleus (proprioception from chewing)
pontine/primary trigeminal nucleus (descriminative touch, vibration)
spinal nucleus (pain, temperature)

38
Q

only site in the CNS where bodies of primary afferent neurones live inside CNS

A

mesencephalic nucleus

39
Q

where does the sensory information go from the sensory CNV nuclei

A

move from the nuclei to the thalamus via ventral trigeminothalamic tract

40
Q

where does the abducens nerve arise

A

pontomedullary junction then passes through the superior orbital fissure

41
Q

route of facial nerve

A

arises pontomedullary junction and passes through internal acoustic meatus and then stylomastoid foramen

42
Q

somatic motor control from facial nerve

A

comes from facial motor nucleus
muscles facial expression, stapedius

43
Q

parasympathetic supply of the facial nerve

A

pterygopalatine (lacrimal gland)
submandibular ganglia (pre-synaptic fibres synapse with post- synaptic to supply salivary glands)

44
Q

bells palsy

A

facial nerve lesion to lose ability to move upper and lower face

45
Q

route of CNVIII

A

arises pontomedullary junction
passes through internal acoustic meatus
2 parts- more detail

46
Q

the vestibulo-ocular reflex

A

allows images on the retina to be stabilised when the head is turning by moving the eyes in the opposite direction

47
Q

route of vagus nerve

A

arises medulla
passes through jugular forman

48
Q

sensory control of the vagus nerve

A

tactile sense, pain and temperature from the pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus, abdominal viscera etc
taste. solitary nucleus

49
Q

parasympathetic control of vagus nerve

A

Innervates the smooth muscle of the trachea, bronchi and gastro-intestinal tract and regulates heart rhythm

50
Q

route of vagus nerve in the neck

A

nerve passes into the carotid sheath and travels with jugular vein and common carotid artery
nerve splits at base of neck

51
Q

different route between right and left vagus nerve

A

right vagus nerve passes anterior to the subclavian artery and posterior to the sternoclavicular joint, entering the thorax

left vagus nerve passes inferiorly between the left common carotid and left subclavian arteries, posterior to the sternoclavicular joint, entering the thorax

52
Q

branches of the vagus that split in the neck

A

pharyngeal branches
superior laryngeal nerve
recurrent laryngeal nerve

53
Q

route of spinal accessory

A

arises C1-6 (from accessory nucleus in ventral horn) goes back up through foramen magnum then back down jugular foramen

54
Q

route of hypoglossal

A

arises medulla (from hypogloassal nucleus)
passes through hypoglossal canal

55
Q

pyramidal tracts

A

lateral corticospinal tract
anterior corticospinal tract

56
Q

extrapyramidal tracts

A

rubrospinal tract
reticulospinal tracts
olivospinal tract
vestibulospinal tract

57
Q

DCML

A

fine touch and proprioception (sensed by capsulated receptors)

58
Q

route of DCML

A

fibres ascend and cross in medulla
synapse in the thalamus (VPL) and end up in primary somatosensory cortex

59
Q

lateral spinothalamic tract

A

pain, temperature

60
Q

spinocerebellar tract

A

unconscious proprioceptive info from upper and lower limbs
ascend to ipslateral cerebellum

61
Q

corticospinal tract

A

fine movement, particularly distal limb muscles

62
Q

route of corticospinal tract

A

descends through internal capsule to brainstem
most fibres cross in caudal medulla at decussation of pyramids and then synapse onto horn when appropriate level reached
??

63
Q

mechanism of anterior cord syndrome

A

flexion or vascular (anterior spinal artery)

64
Q

clinical symptoms of anterior cord syndrome

A

complete loss motor
pain and temp loss below injury
retain proprioception and fine touch

65
Q

mechanism of central cord syndrome

A

forced hyperextension or hyperflexion (often on top of long-standing cervical spondylosis)

66
Q

clinical presentation of central cord syndrome

A

distal upper limb weakness
lower limb preserved
cape like SST sensory loss
DCML preserved

67
Q

mechanism of brown sequard syndrome

A

penetrating trauma

68
Q

clinical presentation of brown sequard syndrome

A

ipsilateral motor, fine touch and proprioception loss below lesion
contralateral loss pain and temp

neuro (20 decks)

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