Back & Vertebral Column

Question 1

How do vertebral sizes diffeR?

Answer 1

The size of vertebrae increase from superior to inferior

Question 2

How many bones are there in the spinal column?

Answer 2

33

Question 3

How do vertebrae diffeR?

Answer 3

In size & shape

Question 4

What are the 4 major functions of the spinal column?

Answer 4

• Movement
• Weight bearing
• Protection
• Site of muscle attachments.

Question 5

How does the spine provide shock absorbtion?

Answer 5

The curves of the spine along with intervertebral discs provide the shock absorbtion

Question 6

Other than shock absorption how does the vertebral column bear weight?

Answer 6

It transmits weight from the upper body to lower limbs

Question 7

Which section of the vertebrae are curved inward?

Answer 7

The cervical &lumbar sections curve inward

Question 8

What sections of the vertebrae are curved outward?

Answer 8

The thoracic & sacral sections curve outward

Question 9

What are inward curves of the spie called?

Answer 9

Lordoses
Cervical Lordosis
Lumbar Lordosis

Question 10

What are outward curves of the spine called?

Answer 10

Kyphoses
Thoracic Kyphosis
Sacral Kyphosis

Question 11

What kind of abnormal spinal curvature does osteoporosis cause?

Answer 11

Osteoporosis causes excessive thoracic kyphosis

Question 12

What kind of abnormal spinal curvature can pregnancy cause?

Answer 12

Excessive Lumbar lordosis can be caused by pregnancy

Question 13

What is scoliosis?

Answer 13

Abnormal curving of the spinal in the coronal plane instead of saggital

Question 14

What makes up the intervertebral disc?

Answer 14

The central nucleus pulposus

The surrounding layers of annulus fibrosus

Question 15

What is the nucleus pulposus

Answer 15

The central core of the intervertebral disc, has a high h2o content

Question 16

What is the Anulus Fibrosus?

Answer 16

Layers of FibroCartilage surrounding the nucleus pulposus

Question 17

Whats a better name for a slipped disc?

Answer 17

Herniated Disc

Question 18

What does the vertebral column protect?

Answer 18

The spinal cord, spinal nerves & arteries

Question 19

Whats the covering of the spinal cord called?

Answer 19

The Meninges

Question 20

What makes up the meninges (outside ->inside)

Answer 20

Dura matter
Arachnoid matter
Pia Matter
(Also Cerebrospinal fluid)

Question 21

What movements is the spinal column involved in?

Answer 21

• Flexion & extension
• Lateral flexion/extension
• Rotation of head/neck/upper trunk

Question 22

What joints are in the spinal column?

Answer 22

• Intervertebral discs
• Facet joints
• Rib joints
• Skull & atlas joint
• Atlas & Axis Joint

Question 23

What type of joint are intervertebral discs?

Answer 23

Intervertebral discs are secondary cartilaginous joints

Question 24

What type of joint are facet joints?

Answer 24

Facet joints between vertebrae are synovial plane joints

Question 25

What type of joint are between the ribs & vertebral column?

Answer 25

Synovial plane joints join the vertebral column to the ribs

Question 26

What type of joint joins the skull to the atlas?

Answer 26

A synovial ellipsoid joint joins the skull & atals

Question 27

What joint joins the atlas & axis?

Answer 27

A synovial pivot joints joins the atlas & axis

Question 28

What is the atlas?

Answer 28

C1 vertebra

Question 29

What is the axis?

Answer 29

C2 vertebra

Question 30

Whats the function of the anterior longitudinal ligament?

Answer 30

It supports the intervertebral discs & prevents hyper-extension

Question 31

Whats the function of the posterior longituinal ligament?

Answer 31

Supports intervertebral discs & prevents hyper-flexion

Question 32

Where is the interspinous ligament?

Answer 32

Between the spinoud process of adjacent vertebrae

Question 33

How does the supraspinous ligament connect vertebrae?

Answer 33

The supraspinous ligament runs down the column from tip to tip of adjacent spinous processes

Question 34

What does the ligamentum flavum connect?

Answer 34

The ligamentum flavum connects laminae of adjacent vertebrae

Question 35

What are intrinsic back muscles?

Answer 35

Intrinsic back muscles act only on the back (i.e. not the limbs)

Question 36

Whats the function of the erector SPinae muscle?

Answer 36

Extension Controlled Flexion Lateral Flexion

Question 37

What structures are closely related to the spine?

Answer 37

Certain muscles Nerves (including the sympathetic trunk) Arteries&veins (Aorta) Lymph system

Question 38

What happens if the intervertebral discs become dehydrated?

Answer 38

The spinal column loses shock absorption

Question 39

Pain & stifness in joints, diagnose?

Answer 39

Osteoarthritis

Question 40

What does osteoporosis cause?

Answer 40

Compression fractures in vertebral body | -> abnormal spinal curvature

Question 41

How do weak back muscles cause back pain?

Answer 41

Weak back pain - > imbalanced loading of spine - > Back Pain

Question 42

Stuff i need to learn not in the deck:

Answer 42

- Parts of a vertebra - how to reconise vertebra of different sections - spot different associated structures on a diagram (aorta, symp trunk etc) - Able to pick ouit different ligaments - pick out different matter in the meninges on a diagram