White Book Cards (BACK)

Question 1

How many vertebra are found in each of the following regions, Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral and coccygeal?

Answer 1

Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacral - 5
Coccygeal - 1

Question 2

How many bones does the coccyx comprise of?

Answer 2

4

Question 3

What is the name given to each of the following vertebra, C1, C2, C7?

Answer 3

Atlas, Axis, Vertebra Prominens

Question 4

Which type of vertebra contains the foramen transversarium?

Answer 4

The cervical vertebrae

Question 5

What is the size of the transverse processes of the cervical vertebra?

Answer 5

They are small

Question 6

What direction do the spinous processes of the cervical vertebra extend?

Answer 6

Anteriorly, they also have a small spinous process

Question 7

What is the size of the disk in the cervical vertebra compared to the size of the body?

Answer 7

Large disk compared to the size of the body

Question 8

What direction do the spinous process’ of the thoracic vertebra extend?

Answer 8

Most project inferiorly

Question 9

Do the thoracic vertebra contain articulating facets for ribs?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

Describe the structure of the transvers process and the spinous process in the thoracic vertebra?

Answer 10

Spinous - Long and fairly thick

Transverse - large

Question 11

Describe the size of the intervertebral disks in the thoracic vertebra

Answer 11

Thin

Question 12

Describe the structure of the transvers process and the spinous process in the lumbar vertebra?

Answer 12

Spinous - Short and blunt

Transverse - Large and blunt

Question 13

How large are the intervertebral disks in the lumbar region?

Answer 13

Massive

Question 14

What direction do the spinous processes of the lumbar vertebra extend?

Answer 14

Posteriorly

Question 15

Which plane do the articulating facets of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae lie

Answer 15

Cervical - Transverse
Thoracic - Coronal
Lumbar - Sigital

Question 16

What movement is permitted in the cervical, thoracic and the lumbar region?

Answer 16

Cervical - just about everything
Thoracic - Lateral flexion and rotation
Lumbar - Flexion and extension

Question 17

Where do the erector spinae muscles lie?

Answer 17

Posteriorly between the spinous processes and the transverse processes

Question 18

How is an increased intra-abdominal pressure achieved?

Answer 18

Trunk flexors and extensors contract simultaneously

Question 19

Where is the spine of the scapula

Answer 19

Spine of T3

Question 20

Where is the inferior spine of the scapula?

Answer 20

T7

Question 21

Where is the spine of the iliac crest?

Answer 21

l4

Question 22

What causes the plasma to leave the capillary beds?

Answer 22

High hydrostatic pressure

Question 23

Where is the germinal centre?

Answer 23

In the lymph nodule

Question 24

What are the other parts of the lymph node besides the lymph nodules?

Answer 24

Deep cortex, medulla, capsule

Question 25

Where is the thoracic duct located?

Answer 25

On the vertebral bodies between the azygous vein and the aorta on the right side of the posterior thoracic wall.

Question 26

What is drained by the right lymphatic duct?

Answer 26

The upper right quadrant

Question 27

What does the thoracic duct drain into?

Answer 27

The medial end of the left subclavian vein.

Question 28

What is the function of the filum terminale?

Answer 28

Anchors the spinal chord

Question 29

Describe the shape of the dorsal horn

Answer 29

Long and thin

Question 30

Between what two structures is the spinal epidural space found?

Answer 30

Between the spinal dura and the periosteum covering the vertebral bodies

Question 31

What is found in the fatty tissue in epidural space?

Answer 31

Small arteries and a network of internal venous complexes

Question 32

What is the function of the vertebral venous plexus?

Answer 32

Drains the vertebrae and the spinal cord Also provides a possible route of the communication for the metastasis of cancer cells. Between the body wall and the CNS

Question 33

Why is the term slipped disk is a misnomer?

Answer 33

The disks do not protrude beyond the vertebral bodies to which they are firmly attached