Bacte Doc Alyca Flashcards Flashcards by SHEEN CLARK S. CABA�EROS

The test is used to initially differentiate the specieStaphylococcus:

Coagulase Test

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KS, 20 years old, was admitted due to high fever,rash with desquamation of the hands and soles ofthe feet, and hypotension. On further history, she iscurrently on her third day of menses and prefers touse tampons. What is/are responsible for thesymptoms of the patient?

Toxic shock syndrome toxinEnterotoxin

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YS, 3 days old, delivered via Normal SpontaneousVaginal Delivery in your hospital was admitted tothe neonatal ICU because of generalized rashesthat appear burn-like. What is the toxin that isresponsible for the sloughing of the epidermis thatproduces a burn-like effect to the patient?

Exfoliative toxin (Epidermolytictoxin)

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What is the organism responsible for the symptomsof YS?

Staphylococcus aureus

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What is the diagnosis of YS?

Scalded skin syndromeRitter’s disease

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In the lab, you received a wound swab for culture.On gram staining, you see gram-positive cocci inclusters with numerous polymorphonuclear cells inthe background. On cultivation on SBA,isolatesproduced smooth, yellow-orange colonies that arebeta-hemolytic. What is the pigment responsible forthe color production of the isolates?

Staphyloxanthin

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MJ, 27 years old, sexually active, is currentlyexperiencing painful urination, low back pain, andurinary frequency. On consult, she was diagnosedwith urinary tract infection. What is the organismresponsible?

Catalase-positive, coagulasenegative, novobiocin resistant(S. saprophyticus)

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CS, 35 years old, female, known smoker, alcoholicbeverage drinker, and IV drug user has beendiagnosed with acute endocarditis since 2015. Whatis the risk factor present in the history thatpredisposes the patient to develop the disease

IV Drug user

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The organism that is responsible for the disease hasthe following characteristics:

Gram-positive cocci in clusters,beta-hemolytic on sheepbloodagar, ferments mannitol,coagulase positive, catalasepositive

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What is the most common heart valve involved?

Tricuspid valve

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What is/are the type of coagulase thatis/are being detected on the Tube Coagulase Test

Free coagulase

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Staphylococcus aureus produces the followinginfections:

Folliculitis
Furuncles
Carbuncles
Impetigo

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Risk factors associated with coagulase- negativeStaphylococci:

Slime layer
Peptidoglycan
Biofilm

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This facilitates the attachment of the organism to theimplanted medical devices

Slime layer
biofilm

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It gives Staphylococcus epidermidis the ability toacquire resistance to most antimicrobials:

Slime layer, biofilm

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Habitat of Group A Streptococcus:

Skin
Upper respiratory tract of humans

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This virulence factor is not present in any otherStreptococci Lancefield groups:

M Protein

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Organism/s that produce a positive CAMP Test:

Listeria monocytogenes
Streptococcus agalactiae

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Approach to identification of Listeria monocytogenes

Tumbling motility on nutrientbroth
Umbrella pattern on semi solid media at room temperature
Cold enrichment

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Bacillus anthracis will present/s with:

Cutaneous anthrax
Gastrointestinal anthrax
Injectional anthrax

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This organism is the most common bacterial causeof Acute pharyngitiis

Gram-positive cocci in chains, beta-hemolytic on sheep blood agar, Bacitracin sensitive, PYR positive (S.pyogenes)

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This test is used to differentiate Group BStreptococcus from other streptococcal species

CAMP Test

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You are on duty at the microbiology laboratory andreceived 5 mL of CSF for gram-staining, culture andantibiotic susceptibility testing. On gram staining,you saw gram-positive lancet shaped cocci. Whattest is used to detect the capsule of the organism?

Quellung test

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Catalase-positive, coagulase negative, novobiocin resistant

S. Saprophyticus

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Catalase-positive, coagulase negative, beta-hemolytic, mannitol fermenter

S. areus

Indole positive, methyl red positive, VP negative,citrate negative, lactose fermenter

E. Coli

Gram-positive cocci in cluster, catalase positive,coagulase negative, novobiocin sensitive

S. Epidermis

Gram-positive cocci in chains, beta-hemolytic onsheep blood agar, Bacitracin resistant, PYR negative

S. Agalactiae

Gram-positive cocci in clusters, non-hemolytic onsheep blood agar, catalase positive, coagulasenegative, Novobiocin sensitive

S. Epidermidis

Gram-positive cocci in clusters, beta-hemolytic onsheep blood agar, ferments mannitol, coagulasepositive, catalase positive

S. Aureus

String test

Vibrio

Factor/s that limit sterilization, disinfection, ordecontamination:

Exposure time Organic load Presence of biofilm

Physical method/s of disinfection:

Boiling Pasteurizing

Anticoagulant/s used in the microbiologylaboratory:

SPS Heparin

This/These agar media is/are found to work best forrecovery of Bordatella pertussis:

Regan-Lowe

Acceptable specimen sites for Bordatella pertussisculture:

Nasopharyngeal swab only

Clinical specimen/s unsuitable for anaerobic culture:

Expectorated sputum Rectal swabs Vaginal swabs

Approach to identification of Clostridium tetani:

Rods with terminal spores Swarming colonies

Clostridium botulinum is/are acquired by:

Improperly preserved foodhoney

Mycobacteria that occur in humans that is/arecapable of causing tuberculosis

Mycobacterium bovis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium africanum

This/These finding/s is/are seen in tertiary syphilis:

Neurosyphilis Rashes on the palms and soles of the feet Gummas

DNA viruses

Adenoviridae Parvoviridae

All DNA viruses that have linear DNA except

Papilloma virus Hepadna virus

Case analysis:RA, 30 years old, female, came in because of anulcer on her right arm for 7 days. On further historytaking, she works in a ranch mostly tending tosheep.Organism present: Bacillus anthracisYou performed gram-staining on the woundsample, what do you expect to see?

Gram-positive rods in singlesor serpentine chains

What is virulence factor that is primarily responsiblefor death is found in the organism (B. anthracis)

Lethal factor

CO, 27 yrs old, male, came in because of diarrheaand abdominal pain. The patient claims that he onlyate reheated takeout food last night consisting ofChinese fried rice and spring rolls. What toxins areresponsible for the symptoms of CO?

Hemolysin BL

Case analysis:AL, 5 years old, female, came in with complaints offever, pharyngitis, and dysphagia. On physicalexamination, you note a pseudomembrane on thenasopharynx.What is/are the selective media/s that is/are used toisolate the causative organism

Cystine-tellurite blood agar Modified Tinsdale agar

Case analysis:AL, 5 years old, female, came in with complaints offever, pharyngitis, and dysphagia. On physicalexamination, you note a pseudomembrane on thenasopharynx. what is/are the component/s present inthe selective media, that is inhibitory to normalmicrobiota?

Potassium tellurite

This medium is used to stimulate the growth of thecausative organism and the production ofmetachromatic granules

Loeffler's medium

Components of the loefflers medium

Serum

What compound is present if there is a redcolor on the Voges Proskauer test?

Acetoin

SP, 34 years old, female, came in due to vomiting,abdominal pain, and bloody stools. On furtherhistory taking, she claims that she attended abirthday barbecue yesterday where they wereserving burgers, hotdogs, and potato salad.What toxin is producing the bloody stools?

Shigella-like toxin

What is the most likely causative organism of thecase?

EHEC Enterohemorrhagic E. coli: Bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagiccolitis, HUS (Hemolytic uremicsyndrome)

The patient most likely contracted the organism via:

Undercooked meat

Case analysis:PC, 83 years old, male, alcoholic, has beenadmitted in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for twoweeks. During the first week of his stay, heexperienced productive cough with thick bloodysputum described to be currant-jelly like in colorand consistency. What is the risk factor present that predisposes thepatient to develop the disease?

Alcoholic Prolonged ICU stay

Klebsiella

PC, 83 years old, male, alcoholic, has beenadmitted in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for twoweeks. During the first week of his stay, heexperienced productive cough with thick bloodysputum described to be currant-jelly like in colorand consistency what are the characteristics of this organism?

Contains a large polysaccharide capsule

This organism has a predilection to the gallbladder:

S. Typhi

What test is used to differentiate Proteus mirabilisfrom Proteus vulgaris?

Indole

P. Vulgaris Indole test result?

Positive

P. Mirabilis Indole test result?

Negative

What is the principle of the correct test in Indole test

Tests the ability of theorganism to producetryptophanase and deaminatetryptophan to indole, pyruvicacid, and ammonia

What organism is associated with complicated UTI?

Proteus mirabilis

This pigment is the key to identification ofSerratia marcesens:

Prodigiosin

Case analysis:AL, 25 years old, male, came in due to complaints ofabdominal cramps and fever for the past 4 days. Hesaid that he developed watery stools that eventuallybecame bloody stools since yesterday.What is the most likely organism that will beisolated?

Shigella dysenteriae

This is a blue phenazine pigment that is producedby this organism in order to damage cells

Pyocyanin

Case analysis:RS, 80 years old, male, alcoholic, smoker,hypertensive, and diabetic has been admitted in theICU for 5 days, he is currently attached to aventilator, and is experiencing cough with productive sputum. What is the most likely organism isolated onsputum?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Case analysis:RS, 80 years old, male, alcoholic, smoker,hypertensive, and diabetic has been admitted in theICU for 5 days, he is currently attached to aventilator, and is experiencing cough with productive sputum What is the risk factor present that predisposes the patient to develop the disease?

Attached to ventilator

This serotype is associated with cholera pandemics:

Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype ElTor

What type of motility is seen on dark-fieldmicroscopy of Vibrios

shooting star motility

Tumbling motility

Listeria

Corkscrew motility

Syphilis

Darting motility

Campylobacter

What is being released during cell lysis in yourstring test?

DNA

This is method will kill all forms of microbial lifeincluding endospores

Sterilization

This is the safest method of sterilization

Incineration

This method of sterilization is used forglassware:

Dry heat

You noticed sparks from the wall socketused to plug in the refrigerator causing a fire tobreak out in the laboratory. What type of fireextinguisher should you use?

Type c

In case of a fire remember RACE. What does Amean?

Alarm/activate

What is the most commonly used biologic safetycabinet?

Class 2

These are pieces of DNA that move from onegenetic element to another and is unable toreplicate independently:

transposable elements (jumping genes)

Case analysis:DN, 25 years old, male, sexually active, came in dueto penile discharge. Physician requested a gramstain and culture of the penile discharge.77. On gram staining of the penile discharge, thisfinding is considered to be diagnostic:

Gram-negative intracellulardiplococci (N. gonorrhea)

Case analysis:DN, 25 years old, male, sexually active, came in dueto penile discharge. Physician requested a gramstain and culture of the penile discharge.77. What is/are the carbohydrate utilization pattern/s ofthe organism?

Ferments glucose only

What attenuated strain of mycobacteria is present inthe BCG vaccine?

Mycobacteria bovis

This is the causative agent of Hansen disease:

Mycobacterium leprae

This organism is the causative agent for the majorcause of preventable blindness worldwide:

Chlamydia trachomatis

Case analysis:AA, 27 years old, male, sexually active, complains ofbeefy, erythematous, painless lesions that bleedeasily.What is the most likely isolated organism?

Klebsiella granulomatis (granuloma inguinale ordonovanosis)

Described to cause community-acquired atypicalpneumonia that can occur singly or cause outbreaksin families and military recruit camps:

Mycoplasma pnuemoniae

These are fungal infections that involve the hair, skin,and nails without direct invasion of deeper tissues:

superficial mycoses

This dermatophyte is capable of invading the hair,skin, and nails:

Trichophyton

The diagnostic tissue phase of this organism is large,thick-walled yeast with multiple buds, resembling aship's wheel:

Paracoccidioides basiliensis

The mycelial form of this fungus is a daisy head orflowerette of microconidia

Sporothrix spp.

What is the causative agent of a characteristic rashthat is described to be dewdrop on a rose petalappearance?

Varicella zoster virus (Chickenpox)

On histopathology, this causative agent willdemonstrate giant cells with Owl's eye inclusions

Cytomegalovirus

This is antigen that tells us how infective the patientis and its presence connotes high infectivity

HbeAg

Appearance of this antigen will connote that thepatient is immune or cured

Anti-HbeAg

This part of the viral structure surrounds andprotects the nucleic acid

Protein coat

This step in viral replication is also termed asadsorption

Attachment

Enveloped, single-stranded, negative sense RNAvirus that causes an acute generalized infectionaccompanied with a maculopapular rash. Bluishwhite spots can also be found on the buccalmucosa of the patient

Measles virus

Based on your answer in number 86, what is thecharacteristic cytopathic effect seen:

Warthin-Finkeldey bodies

Case analysis:ML, 38 years old, male, sexually active, came in dueto a painful ulcer found on his genitals, he alsonoted several lesions surrounding his genital areaand inguinal lymphadenopathy. What do you expect on gram staining of the ulcer?

Slender, coccobacillarydescribed as school of fish

Haemophilus ducreyi

Case analysis:ML, 38 years old, male, sexually active, came in dueto a painful ulcer found on his genitals, he alsonoted several lesions surrounding his genital areaand inguinal lymphadenopathy this organism is a normalinhabitant of the human upper respiratory tract?

False