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Bacte Lec: Mycoplasma Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of mycoplasma:

A

● Simplest and tiniest self-replicating prokaryotes
● Membrane-bound bags of protoplasm with ribosomes
● Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)
● Class Mollicutes (soft-skin)
● Parasitic on cells of higher species (highly adapted parasites)
● Niche in vertebrate host is mucosal surface of different body sites

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2
Q

Is Mycoplasma DNA or RNA?

A

dsDNA

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3
Q

What class is Mycoplasma?

A

Mollicutes (soft-skin)

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4
Q

T/F: Mycoplasma are commensal of animals.

A

False: Parasitic on cells of higher species (highly adapted parasites)

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5
Q

T/F: Mycoplasma are complex bacteria that self-replicate

A

False: Simplest and tiniest self-replicating prokaryotes

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6
Q

What is the first isolated Mycoplasma?

A

Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia, a debilitating disease of cattle; Pleuropneumonia-Like Organisms (PPLO)

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7
Q

What is called the covering of mycoplasmas with host antigens.

A

“capping”

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8
Q

What antigen becomes incorporated onto surface of host cell?

A

Mycoplasmal protein antigen

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9
Q

Morphology of mycoplasma:

A

They are extremely pleomorphic: cocci, filalements, spirals, rings, globules, and granules.

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10
Q

T/F: Mycoplasma has a tough cell wall, composed of Glycogen.

A

False: They exhibit plasticity due to lack of cell wall.

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11
Q

Basic shape of mycoplasma?

A

Cocci

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12
Q

Filamentous form of mycoplasma?

A

Transient

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13
Q

What gives the mycoplasma its ability to change shape?

A

Contractile protein resembling actin

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14
Q

What does mycoplasma contractile protein do?

A

Resembles actin and gliding motility

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15
Q

What methods are used in mycoplasma?

A

Giemsa, Castaneda, Dienes (pink or purple)

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16
Q

What membrane does mycoplasma have?

A

Trilaminar

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17
Q

What species of mycoplasma is covered with capsular polysaccharide?

A

M. mycoides subsp. mycoides

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18
Q

Some mycoplasma exhibit specialized tip structures or called?

A

Polar bleb

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19
Q

Mycoplasma require this for growth

A

Require cholesterol or sterols for growth (serum)

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20
Q

This substance regulates membrane fluidity during changes in growth and temperature.

A

Cholesterol

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21
Q

It is a necessary ingredient for membrane synthesis

A

Cholesterol

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22
Q

What condition requirement does mycoplasma need to grow?

A

Anaerobic condition atmosphere of 10% CO2 or pH 7.6-8.0

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23
Q

Typical colony of mycoplasma exhibits?

A

fried egg appearance: flat transparent ring with central granular area embedded in agar

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24
Q

What is the source of energy for mycoplasma with non-fermentative strains

A

Arginine degradation

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25
T/F: Mycoplasma synthesizes purine and pyrimidine bases
False: Cannot synthesize purine and pyrimidine bases
26
Mycoplasma in cattle are commensals found in?
commensals of bovine mucous membranes, pathogens of respiratory tract, ocular, mammary and urogenital tissues
27
What are the two subspecies of M. mycoides
capri and mycoides
28
M. mycoides subsp. mycoides causes?
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP)
29
Morphology of CBPP
Rho forms (cells with axial fibers and a terminal swelling)
30
CBPP has colony forms of?
Small & Large type
31
CBPP colony type not visible until after 3 days on BAP (diameter no greater than 0.1 mm)
Small colony type
32
CBPP colony type that is visible at 2 days (diameter 0.4-0.7 mm; seldom in cattle, usually in goats)
Large colony type
33
Antigens of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides
Capsular galactan and membrane proteins
34
What does galactan do?
Protects preciptinogen
35
M. mycoides subsp. mycoides are usually found in what animals?
Obligate parasite of cattle and water buffaloes
36
CBPP is transmitted via?
droplet inhalation (close and prolonged contact required); placenta and shed in the urine
37
Where does CPBB spread?
Shed in the urine
38
Two types of CBPP pathogenesis forms
Acute and chronic
39
CBPP that causes respiratory distress
Acute
40
CBPP that causes moist cough, fever, nasal discharge, reluctant to move
Chronic
41
T/F: Infected lung foci becomes encapsulated.
True
42
In CBPP pleural cavity contains how many liters of fluid?
15-20 liters
43
What is the deposit of inflamed lung in CBPP?
Thin deposit of fibrin
44
What diagnosis is used for samples?
dark field or phase microscopy
45
Mycoplasma that causes: mastitis, abortion, reproductive system
M. alkalescens
46
Mycoplasma that causes: hydrolyzes arginine, common commensal of mucosal surface of ruminants
M. arginini
47
Mycoplasma that causes: genital tract of heifers and seminal fluid of bulls; commensal of genital tract
M. bovigenitalium
48
Mycoplasma that causes: parasitic commensal of bovine respiratory tract
M. bovirhinis
49
Mycoplasma that causes:acute, rapidly spreading mastitis
M. bovis
50
What are the mycoplasma in Goats and Sheep:
M. agalactiae and M. capricolum
51
Mycoplasma that causes: contagious agalactiae
M. agalactiae
52
Mycoplasma that causes septicemia, polyarthritis, conjunctivitis, mastitis in goat and sheep?
M. carpicolum
53
Mycoplasma in Swine
M. hyopneumoniae, M. hyorhinis, & M. hyosynoviae
54
Mycoplasma that causes Enzootic Pneumonia in Pigs (EPP)
M. hyopneumoniae
55
M. hyopneumoniae is found only in this body part.
Lives only in respiratory tract of pigs
56
T/F: M. hyopneumoniae survives in a long period in the external environment/
False: survives only briefly in external environment
57
Enzootic Pneumonia in Pigs occurs in what age of pigs?
3-10 weeks of age
58
Enzootic Pneumonia in Pigs clinical signs:
Transient diarrhea, Dry cough that lasts for a few weeks or persists indefinitely
59
M. hyopneumoniae adheres to these surfaces causing ciliostasis
adhere to bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial surfaces of lungs
60
Enzootic Pneumonia in Pigs lesions are characterized by?
Lesions are hepatized purplish or grayish pneumonic areas in apical or cardiac lobes
61
Mycoplasma that normal inhabitant of nasopharynx of swine
M. hyorhinis
62
Is the only mycoplasma in poultry
Mycoplasma gallisepticum
63
Causes chronic respiratory disease and infectious sinusitis in turkey.
M. gallisepticum
64
M. gallisepticum characteristics
Ovoid with characteristic polar bleb which serves as adhesion organ
65
M. gallisepticum is spread via?
Spread by aerosol, by contact and via the eg
66
Signs of M. gallisepticum
Tracheal rales, nasal discharge and coughing

Finals Exam (16 decks)

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