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Study 2nd sem > Bacte Nutrition > Flashcards

Bacte Nutrition Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

MAJOR nutritional needs of bacteria

A

Carbon, Nitrogen, ATP

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2
Q

responsible for making cellular components and representing 50% of the dry weight of the bacterium

A

CARBON

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3
Q

responsible for making proteins and makes up 14% of the bacterium

A

NITROGEN

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4
Q

NITROGEN

A

ATP

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5
Q

This makes up the additional 4% of the weight of the bacteria

A

Phosphates for nucleic acid

Phospholipids for cell membranes

Sulfur for protein synthesis

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6
Q

use carbon dioxide as sole carbon source, with only water and inorganic salts as substrates

A

Autotrophs

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7
Q

reduce in inorganic molecules for energy conservation/ biosynthesis

A

litotrophs

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8
Q

require an organic source of carbon (glucose) and obtain energy by either oxidation or fermentation

A

Heterotrophs

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9
Q

require organic substance for growth and multiplication

A

organotrophs

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10
Q

obtain energy photosynthetically

A

phototrophs

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11
Q

obtain energy through oxidation of inorganic compounds

A

Chemolithotrophs

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12
Q

all bacteria that inhabit the human body belong to this category

A

Heterotrophs

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13
Q

organisms that require oxygen and grow well with room air

A

Aerobes

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14
Q

Aerobes grows in ambient air, which contains ____ oxygen and a small amount ____ of CO2

A

21%, 0.03%/ 0.04% (mahon book)

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15
Q

do not require oxygen to grown and survive

A

Anaerobes

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16
Q

cannot grow in the presence of oxygen

A

Anaerobes

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17
Q

atmosphere of anaerobe jars, bags, or chambers is composed of _________ hydrogen, _______ CO2, __________ nitrogen, and ____ 02

A

5-10% Hydrogen
5-10% CO2
80-90% Nitrogen
0% O2

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18
Q

do not require the presence of oxygen, and they die after prolonged exposure to air

A

Obligate Anaerobes

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19
Q

Example of Obligate Anaerobes

A

Clostridium and Bacteroides

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20
Q

most clinically significant bacteria, organisms that can grow either in the presence or absence of oxygen

A

Facultative Anaerobes

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21
Q

aerobes that can grow anearobically

A

Facultative Anaerobes

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22
Q

Example of Facultative Anaerobes

A

Enterobacteriaceae

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23
Q

organisms can survive the presence of oxygen but unable to perform metabolic processes unless situated in an anaerobic environment

A

Aerotolerant Anaerobes

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24
Q

example of Aerotolerant Anaerobes

A

Lactobacillus and Cutibacterium

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25
most potent biological oxidant known, and detrimental to cell components such as proteins and nucleic acids
Hydroxyl radical
26
why some organisms are anearobic
lack enzymes to counteract superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide
27
Obligate aerobes and facultative anaerobic bacteria have ____________ and _____________
Superoxide dismutase, catalase
28
converts the superoxide anion to oxygen and H2O2
Superoxide dismutase
29
breaks H2O2 to O2 and water
Catalase
30
an organism that requires only 2-10% oxygen (Decreased Oxygen) for growth and increased CO2 (8-10%)
Microaerophiles
31
EXAMPLE of Microaerophiles
Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Treponema
32
An organism that requires increased CO2 (5-10%) and approximately 15% O2
Capnophiles
33
Capnophiles examples
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
34
grows well at 1-20 deg C (ave: 10 deg C)
Psychrophiles/ Cryophiles
35
Psychrophiles/ Cryophiles example
Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica
36
Grow between at 20 to 45 deg C
Mesophiles
37
most commonly encountered pathogenic bacteria
Mesophiles
38
the optimum temperature for most clinically significant bacteria is _________________
35-37deg C
39
organisms grow at 50-60 deg C
Thermophiles/ Hyperthermophiles
40
Thermophiles/ Hyperthermophiles example
Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Thermus aquaticus
41
prokaryotes that are able to survive in unusual conditions like the absence of oxygen. increased temperature, and living below the surface of the Earth
Extremophiles
42
Extremophiles example
Bacillus infernus
43
measure of the hydrogen ion concentration
pH Scale
44
the optimum pH for most pathogenic bacteria is from pH ______________________
6.5 to 7.5
45
Diagnostic laboratory culture media for bacterial isolation are usually adjusted to a final pH between _____________________
7.0 to 7.5
46
grow between pH 0-5.5
Acidophiles
47
grow between pH 5.5-8.0
Neutrophiles
48
grown between 8.5- 11.5
Alkalophiles
49
examples for Acidophiles
Lactobacillus acidophilus
50
most clinically significant bacteria according to pH requirement
neutrophiles
51
examples for Alkalophiles
Vibrio
52
this is indispensable for bacterial growth. it serves as a solvent for food and forms the major portion of the protoplasm
moisture
53
organisms requiring increased moisture content are termed __________________________
humidophiles
54
organisms that require and grown in increased concentration of sodium chloride
Halophiles
55
Halophiles examples
listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio spp.
56
are substances that are required by fastidious bacteria for their growth and multiplication
growth factors
57
organisms that require complex nutritional requirement/ growth factors in order to grow (blood)
Fastidious
58
examples of growth factors
Amino acids Purines Pyrimidines Vitamins Fatty Acids
59
growth factor for h. influenzae
blood
60
oxidized form of hemoglobin
X factor AKA hemin (heat stable)
61
is produced by some bacteria or from potato or yeast extract
V factor AKA NAD/ Coenzyme I (Heat liable)
62
Bacteria according to carbon source
AUTOTROPHS HETEROTROPHS
63
Bacteria according to oxygen requirement
AEROBES ANAEROBES MICROAEROPHILES
64
TYPES OF ANAEROBES
OBLIGATE ANAEROBES FACULTATIVE ANAEROBES AEROTOLERANT ANAEROBES
65
Bacteria according to CO2 requirement
CAPNOPHILES
66
Bacteria according to temperature requirement
-PSYCHROPHILES/ CRYPHILES -MESOPHILES -THERMOPHILES/ HYPERTHERMOPHILES -EXTREMOPHILES
67
Bacteria according to pH requirement
ACIDOPHILES NEUTROPHILES ALKALOPHILES
68
Bacteria according to moisture requirement
HUMIDOPHILES
69
Bacteria according to inorganic salts concentration requirements
HALOPHILES
70
Bacteria according to growth factors
FASTIDIOUS

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