Bacte specimen management 2

Question 1

A set of blood culture bottle is composed of two
bottles - _____________________, Fill _________ first before _____________

Answer 1

one each of aerobic and anaerobic culture bottles, Aerobic, anaerobic

Question 2

Disinfect the cap of blood culture bottles with _______________________ and wait ______

Answer 2

70%
isopropyl alcohol or chlorhexidine, 30 secs

Question 3

Recommended blood-to-broth-ratio is ______________________ to
negate antibacterial activity

Answer 3

1:5 to 1:10

Question 4

________________________ will satisfy the required volume of the sample to detect\ bacteremia

Answer 4

Three sets of blood cultures

Question 5

At least ______ of blood collected per day

Answer 5

60ml

Question 6

Collect samples before patient receive ____________________

Answer 6

antimicrobial therapy-

Question 7

Do NOT draw more than ____________ in a 24-h period

Answer 7

four sets

Question 8

specimen of
choice for urine culture

Answer 8

Clean-voided midstream (CVS) (Minimum volume: 2-3 mL)

Question 9

preferred as it provides
more concentrated sample (specimen of choice for
molecular studies)

Answer 9

First morning specimen -

Question 10

clean urethral area and
insert catheter into bladder, allowing first 15 ml to
pass then collect remainder

Answer 10

Catheterized specimen

Question 11

specimen of choice for
anaerobic culture (needle aspiration above the
symphysis pubis through the abdominal wall into the
full bladder)

Answer 11

Suprapubic aspirate

Question 12

aspirate 5-10 ml with needle
and syringe

Answer 12

Indwelling catheter

Question 13

formula for colony count

Answer 13

Colony count = No. of colonies x Factor

Question 14

1ul (0.001 ml) - Factor to be used: __________

Answer 14

1000

Question 15

10ul (0.01 ml) - Factor to be used: _______

Answer 15

100

Question 16

Values ____________________ indicate infections

Answer 16

greater than 1.0 X10^5

Question 17

Values between __________________
colonies/ml are considered contaminants.

Answer 17

1.0 X 10^3 and 1.0 X10^5

Question 18

Specimen of choice for the detection of
gastrointestinal pathogens

Answer 18

STOOL

Question 19

Stool specimens should be ________________ to the
container; not be contaminated with urine or water.

Answer 19

excreted directly

Question 20

How many specimens for Bacterial infection: ________________________

Answer 20

3 specimens (once a day for 3 days)

Question 21

How many specimens for Parasitic infection: ________________________

Answer 21

3 specimens within 10
days

Question 22

Ratio of Stool to Preservative -

Answer 22

1:3

Question 23

In case of microscopy, use ________________ to
observe fecal WBCS.

Answer 23

methylene blue

Question 24

If a patient has received antiparasitic drugs, the
specimen collection should be done after ______________

Answer 24

7 to 10
days

Question 25

If a patient is undergoing barium studies, the patient must delay specimen collection until the _______________________________

Answer 25

barium has cleared (4 to 5 days)

Question 26

appears as a white chalky substance in the specimen and masks the appearance of parasites under the microscope

Answer 26

Barium

Question 27

Do not perform routine stool cultures for patients whose length of stay in the hospital ____________ and whose admitting diagnosis was _________________; these patients should be tested for __________________

Answer 27

exceeds 3 days, not diarrhea, Clostridiodes difficile

Question 28

Used to diagnose bacterial pneumonia

Answer 28

SPUTUM

Question 29

is the preferred sputum (AFB microscopy)

Answer 29

First early morning specimen

Question 30

specimens are required for mycobacterial infections

Answer 30

Two to three consecutive early morning specimens

Question 31

Patients are allowed to breath aerosolized droplets of solution containing _________________________ for approximately ________________ or until________________ is initiated

Answer 31

15% sodium chloride and 10% glycerin, 10 minutes

Question 32

_____________________ is used to collect sputum for pediatric and “uncooperative” patients

Answer 32

induced sputum

Question 33

Patients should gargle their mouth with water and expectorate with the aid of a deep cough directly into a sterile container

Answer 33

expectorated sputum

Question 34

Sputum is rejected if it represents the saliva and not the lower respiratory tract secretions

Answer 34

Bartlett’s Criteria

Question 35

For sputum samples to be accepted for cultivation, there should be _________________________ and ________________________ per LPO

Answer 35

<10 SQUAMOUS epithelial cells, >25 pus cells (PMNs)

Question 36

Collected through lumbar puncture

Answer 36

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

Question 37

CSF Should be processed ___________________ but can be stored up to __________________________

Answer 37

immediately, 6 hours at 35-37 deg C

Question 37

CSF specimen 1st tube: _____________________ 2nd tube: ____________________ 3rd tube: _________________

Answer 37

chemistry, microbiology, hematology

Question 38

CSF needed for bacteria % virus, AFB & fungi

Answer 38

equal or greater than 1ml equal or greater than 2ml

Question 39

recommended method for the CSF specimen

Answer 39

Rapid diagnostic testing (Direct Gram stain, Cryptococcal antigen test)

Question 40

Never refrigerate CSF for _________________, but for viruses, it can be held for _____________________

Answer 40

bacteriology, 4 deg C for 3 days

Question 41

Use ____________________ if there’s no cytocentrifuge

Answer 41

acridine orange

Question 42

to collect sediment (used for staining or culture

Answer 42

Cytocentrifuge

Question 43

Add __________ for CSF collected from shunt

Answer 43

THIO

Question 44

Specimen of choice for the recovery of Bordetella pertussis

Answer 44

NASOPHARYNX SWAB

Question 45

in nasopharynx swab A flexible swab is inserted through nose into __________________ and rotate for__________ and Must be transported within _______ (without transport medium)

Answer 45

posterior nasopharynx, 5 seconds, 15 minutes

Question 46

A pre-moistened swab with sterile saline should be inserted approximately 1-2 cm (1inch) nares and rotate against nasal mucosa

Answer 46

NASAL SWAB

Question 47

● Recommended specimen for the routine culture of group A streptococci (S. pyogenes) ● Posterior pharynx and tonsils should be swabbed without touching the palate and sides of the mouth and tongue GENITAL

Answer 47

THROAT/PHARYNX SWAB

Question 48

● Used to diagnose STDs or Venereal diseases ● The mucus should be removed prior to collection.

Answer 48

GENITAL SPECIMEN: CERVIX

Question 49

GENITAL SPECIMEN: CERVIX site of collection

Answer 49

● Endocervical canal

Question 50

● Exudates should be removed before specimen collection.

Answer 50

GENITAL SPECIMEN: VAGINA

Question 51

Secretions from the_____________________ are swabbed.

Answer 51

mucous membrane of the vagina

Question 52

Perform Gram stain for bacterial vaginosis, especially WBCs, clue cells ○ Gram-positive rods: _______________________ ○ Gram-negative rods: ________________________

Answer 52

presence of Lactobacillus, presence of Mobiluncus spp.

Question 53

Traditional specimen of choice for Chlamydia trachomatis

Answer 53

GENITAL SPECIMEN: URETHRAL SWAB

Question 54

GENITAL SPECIMEN: URETHRAL SWAB Collect __________ after the patient’s last urination.

Answer 54

1 hour

Question 55

For microscopy, ____________ is utilized to observe fecal leukocytes

Answer 55

methylene blue

Question 56

GASTROINTESTINAL: RECTAL SWAB, A swab should inserted ________________ in past anal sphincter; feces should be visible on swab.

Answer 56

1-1.5 cm

Question 57

______________________ medium can be utilized for rectal swabs.

Answer 57

Cary-Blair transport medium

Question 58

Collected early in the morning before the patient rises from the bed or takes his/her first meal

Answer 58

Gastric Aspirate (Gastric Wash or Lavage)