Histo Circulation book based

Question 1

propels blood through the system and is
surrounded by the pericardium

Answer 1

HEART

Question 2

a fibrous sac lined by
serous mesothelium.

Answer 2

pericardium

Question 3

a series of vessels efferent from the heart that
become smaller as they branch into the various organs, carry blood to the tissues.

Answer 3

Arteries

Question 4

the smallest vessels, are the sites of O2 , CO2 nutrient, and waste product exchange between blood and tissues

Answer 4

Capillaries

Question 5

capillaries in almost every organ form a complex network of thin, anastomosing tubules called the _________________________

Answer 5

microvasculature

Question 6

result from the convergence of venules into a system of larger channels which continue enlarging as they
approach the heart, toward which they carry the blood to be pumped again.

Answer 6

Veins

Question 7

two major divisions of arteries,
microvasculature, and veins make up the ______________________, where blood is oxygenated in the lungs, and the ___________________, where blood brings nutrients and removes
wastes in tissues throughout the body.

Answer 7

pulmonary circulation, systemic circulation,

Question 8

thin-walled, closed-ended tubules carrying lymph that merge to form vessels of steadily increasing size

Answer 8

lymphatic capillaries

Question 9

The internal surface of all components of the blood and lymphatic systems is lined by a simple squamous epithelium called ______________

Answer 9

endothelium

Question 10

propel blood to the pulmonary and systemic circulations

Answer 10

ventricles

Question 11

receive blood from the body and
the pulmonary veins, respectively

Answer 11

atria

Question 12

consists of the lining endothelium, its supporting layer of fibroelastic connective tissue with scattered fibers of smooth muscle, and a deeper layer of connective tissue

Answer 12

endocardium

Question 13

consists mainly of typically contractile cardiac muscle fibers arranged spirally around each heart chamber

Answer 13

myocardium

Question 14

Because strong force is required to pump blood through the systemic and pulmonary circulations, the _______________ is much thicker in the walls of the ventricles than the atria

Answer 14

myocardium

Question 15

the wall of the ______________ is about ________________ than that of the right ventricle because the left side must produce sufficient force to propel blood through the much larger systemic circulation with its multiple capillary beds

Answer 15

left ventricle, three times thicker

Question 16

is a simple squamous mesothelium
supported by a layer of loose connective tissue containing blood vessels and nerves

Answer 16

epicardium

Question 17

The epicardium corresponds to the ______________________, the membrane surrounding the heart.

Answer 17

visceral layer of the pericardium

Question 18

These are pale-staining
fibers, larger than the adjacent contractile fibers, with sparse, peripheral myofibrils, and much glycogen

Answer 18

Purkinje fibers

Question 19

is a specialized epithelium that acts as a semipermeable barrier between two major internal compartments: the blood and the interstitial tissue fluid.

Answer 19

endothelium

Question 20

The endothelium presents a _______________________
on which blood will not clot and actively secretes agents that control local clot formation

Answer 20

nonthrombogenic surface

Question 21

occur in the walls of all vessels
larger than capillaries and are arranged helically in layers

Answer 21

Smooth muscle fibers

Question 22

are found in the
subendothelial layer, between the smooth muscle layers, and
in the outer covering

Answer 22

Collagen fibers

Question 23

consists of the endothelium and a thin subendothelial layer of loose connective tissue sometimes containing smooth muscle fibers

Answer 23

tunica intima

Question 24

consists chiefly of
concentric layers of helically arranged smooth muscle
cells

Answer 24

tunica media

Question 25

is connective tissue consisting principally of type I collagen and elastic fibers

Answer 25

tunica adventitia

Question 26

Just as the heart wall is supplied with its own coronary vasculature for nutrients and O2 , large vessels usually have __________________________

Answer 26

vasa vasorum

Question 27

are required to provide metabolites to cells in those tunics in larger vessels because the wall is too thick to be nourished solely by diffusion from the blood in the lumen

Answer 27

vasa vasorum

Question 28

these include the aorta, the pulmonary artery, and their largest branches

Answer 28

ELASTIC ARTERIES

Question 29

are slight dilations of the bilateral internal carotid arteries where they branch from the (elastic) common carotid arteries

Answer 29

Carotid sinuses

Question 30

monitoring arterial blood pressure

Answer 30

baroreceptors

Question 31

monitor blood CO2 and O2 levels, as well as its pH

Answer 31

chemoreceptors

Question 32

distribute blood to the organs and help regulate blood pressure by contracting or relaxing the smooth muscle in the media

Answer 32

Muscular Arteries

Question 33

Conduct blood from heart and with elastic recoil help move blood forward under steady pressure

Answer 33

Elastic arteries

Question 34

Distribute blood to all organs and maintain steady blood pressure and flow with vasodilation and constriction

Answer 34

Muscular arteries

Question 35

Distribute blood to arterioles, adjusting flow with vasodilation and constriction

Answer 35

Small arteries

Question 36

Resist and control blood flow to capillaries; major determinant of systemic blood pressure

Answer 36

Arterioles

Question 37

Exchange metabolites by diffusion to and from cells

Answer 37

Capillaries

Question 38

Drain capillary beds; site of leukocyte exit from vasculature

Answer 38

Venules

Question 39

Collect blood from venules

Answer 39

Small veins

Question 40

Carry blood to larger veins, with no backflow

Answer 40

Medium veins

Question 41

Return blood to heart

Answer 41

Large veins

Question 42

permit and regulate metabolic exchange between blood and surrounding tissues.

Answer 42

Capillaries

Question 43

network of Capillaries

Answer 43

capillary beds

Question 44

have many tight, well-developed occluding junctions between slightly overlapping endothelial cells, which provide for continuity along the endothelium and well-regulated metabolic exchange across the cells.

Answer 44

Continuous capillaries

Question 45

This is the most common type of capillary and is found in muscle, connective tissue, lungs, exocrine glands, and nervous tissue.

Answer 45

Continuous capillaries

Question 46

have a sieve-like structure that allows more extensive molecular exchange across the endothelium

Answer 46

Fenestrated capillaries

Question 47

permit maximal exchange of macromolecules as well as allow easier movement of cells between tissues and blood

Answer 47

Discontinuous capillaries, commonly called sinusoids

Question 48

At various locations along continuous capillaries and postcapillary venules are mesenchymal cells called

Answer 48

pericytes

Question 49

are the primary site at which white blood cells adhere to endothelium and leave the circulation at sites of infection or tissue damage.

Answer 49

Venules

Question 50

carry blood back to the heart from microvasculature all over the body

Answer 50

Veins

Question 51

Most veins are classified as _____________________

Answer 51

small or medium veins

Question 52

The big venous trunks, paired with elastic arteries close to the heart, are the _______________

Answer 52

large veins

Question 53

consist of thin, paired folds of the tunica intima projecting across the lumen, rich in elastic fibers and covered on both sides by endothelium

Answer 53

valves

Question 54

excess interstitial fluid from the tissue spaces

Answer 54

lymph

Question 55

connects with the blood circulatory system near the junction of the left internal jugular vein with the left subclavian vein

Answer 55

thoracic duct

Question 56

enters near the confluence of the right subclavian vein and the right internal jugular vein

Answer 56

right lymphatic duct

Question 57

located in the subendocardial layer of both ventricles, are distinguished from contractile fibers by their greater diameter, abundant glycogen, and more sparse bundles of myofibrils

Answer 57

Purkinje fibers

Question 58

separates the atria from the ventricles, and provides insertions for cardiac muscle.

Answer 58

cardiac skeleton

Question 59

includes the endothelium, connective tissue, and an internal elastic lamina in larger vessels;

Answer 59

tunica intima

Question 60

contains alternating layers of smooth muscle and collagen or elastic lamellae

Answer 60

tunica media

Question 61

contains connective tissue, small vessels

Answer 61

tunica adventitia