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Bacteria Flashcards

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1
Q

what bugs stain w/Giemsa

A 
Certain Bugs Really Try My Patience
Chlamydia
borrelia
rickettsia
trypanosomes
plasmodium
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2
Q

PAS

A

stains glycogen

Dx whipples disease

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3
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen

A

Acid fast bacteria
nocardium
mycobacteria
protozoa

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4
Q

india ink

A

cryptococcus neoformans

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5
Q

silver stain

A

fungi
legionella
H. pylori

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6
Q

What do you grow H. influenza on

A

Chocolate agar

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7
Q

What do you grow Nieserria on?

A 
Thayer martin VTCN
V- vancomycin (kills gram +)
T- trimethoprim (kills other gram -)
C- colistin (kills other gram -)
Nystatin (kills fungi)
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8
Q

what do you grow B. pertusis on

A

Bordet-gengou agar

regan lowe medium

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9
Q

what do you grow C. diptheriae on

A

tellurite agar

loeffler medium

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10
Q

what do you grow M. tuberculosis on

A

lowenstein-jensen agar

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11
Q

what do you grow M. pneumonia on?

A

eaton agar

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12
Q

what do you grow lactose fermenting enterics on

A

MacConkey agar

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13
Q

what do you grow E.Coli on

A

Eosin-methylene blue (EMB)

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14
Q

what do you grow legionella on

A

charcoal yeat extract agar buffered w/cysteine and Fe

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15
Q

what do you grow Fungi on

A

Sabouraud agar

Sab’s a Fun guy

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16
Q

what are the aerobes

A

Naggin Pests Must Breathe
Nocardia
Pseudomonas
MycoBacterium

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17
Q

Anaerobs

A

Anaerobes frankly Cant Breathe Air
Fusobacterium
clostridium bacterioides
actinomyes

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18
Q

obligate intracellular

A

stay inside when it is Really CHilly and Cold
rickettsia
chlamydia
Coxiella

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19
Q

faculative intracellualr

A 
Some Nasty Bugs May Live FaculativeLY
salmonella
neisseria
brucella
mycobacterium
listeria
francisella
legionella
yersinia pestis
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20
Q

encapsulated bacteria

A 
SHiNE SKiS
streptococcus pneumonia
H. influenza
Neisseria meningitidis
E. coli
Salmonella
Kelbsiella
group B Strep
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21
Q

urease +

A 
CHuck norris hates PUNKSS
cryptococcus
H. pylori
Proteus
Ureaplasma
nocardia
kelbsiella
S. epidermidis
S. saprophyticus
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22
Q

Catalase +

A 
CATs Need PLACESS to hide
Catalase
nocardia
psudomonas
listeria
aspergillus
candidia
E. coli
staphylococci
serratia
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23
Q

protein A

A

expressed by S. aureus
binds Fc region of IgG
prevents opsonization and phagocytosis

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24
Q

IgA protease

A

secreted by S. pneumoniae, H. influenza type B, Neisseria (SHiN)
can colonize respiratory mucosa

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25
M protein
Expressed by S. pyogens prevents phagocytosis molecular mimicry -> rheumatic fever
26
Type III secretion system
aka injectisome for direct delivery of toxins | gram negs: Pseudomonas, salmonella, shigella, E. coli
27
What bacteria inhibits protein synthesis?
- C. diphtheriae toxin inactivates EF-2 - Psuedomonas exotoxin inactivated EF-2 - Shigella toxin inactivates 60S ribosome - EHEC shiga-like toxin inactivates 60S ribosome
28
what bacteria increase fluid secretion?
- ETEC LT overactivates cAMP so more Cl- is secreted - ETEC ST overactivates cGMP so less NaCl is aborbed - B. anthracis edema toxin increases cAMP - V. cholerae toxin increased cAMP more Cl secreted
29
which bacteria inhibit phagoctic ability
B. pertusis toxin blocks Gi -> increase AC and cAMP
30
which bacteria inhibit NT release
- C. tetani tetanospasmin blocks release of GABA | - C. botulinum toxin blocks release of Ach
31
which bacteria lyse cell membranes
- C. perfringens alpha toxin is a phospholipase and degrades tissues and membranes - S. pyogens streptolysin O
32
What superAgs cause shock?
S. aureus TSST-1 and S. pyognes exotoxin A both binds MHC II and TCR -> release of IL-1, IL-2, IFN-Y, and TNFalpha
33
endotoxin effects
``` ENDOTOXIN Edema Nitric oxide DIC/Death Outer membrane TNFalpha O-Ag eXtremely heat stable IL-1 Neutrophil chemotaxis ```
34
Which organisms are Novobiocin resistant?
No StRES NOvobiocin Saprophyticus is Resistant Epidermis is Sensitive
35
which organisms are optochin resistant?
OVRPS (overpass) Optochin Viridans Resistant Pneumoniae Sensitive
36
what organisms are Bacitracin resistant?
B-BRAS Bacitracin group B strep Resistant group A strep Sensitive
37
which are alpha hemolytic?
green ring S. pneumoniae (catalaste -, optochin sensitive) S. viridans (catalase -, optochin resistant)
38
which are beta hemolytic?
S. aureus (catalase +, coagulase +) S. pyogens (catalase -, bacitracin sensitive) S. agalactiae (catalse -, bacitracin resistant) Listeria (tumbling motilitly)
39
S. pneumonia is the MCC of what?
meningitis otitis media pneumonia sinusitis
40
C. diptheriae acronym
``` ABCDEFG A- ADP ribosylation B- beta prophage/black colonies C- cystine-tellurite agar D- diptheriae toxin EF- elongation factor 2 G- granules ```
41
What produces spores?
``` B. anthracis B. cereus (food poisoning) C. botulinum C. difficile C. perfringens (gas gangrene) C. tetani C. burnetti (Q-fever) ```
42
which beta hemolytic strep is PYR +
``` Strep pyogens (A) Strep agalactiae (B) is PYR- ```
43
What feature is unique to B. anthracis
polypeptide capsule containing D-glutamate
44
B. cereus
food poisoning -> reheated rice syndrome nausea and vomiting 1-5hrs diarrea 8-18 hrs
45
Listeria
``` facultative intracellular dairy and deli products (likes cold temps) rocket tails tumbling motility ONLY gram + to produce endotoxin ```
46
Actinomyces vs nocardia
both gram + nocardia weakly acid fast actinomyces are normal oral flora, nocardia in soil actinomyces causes oral/facial abscesses w/yellow sulfur granules nocardia causes pulmonary infections and wound infections
47
Tx of actinomyces and nocardia
SNAP sulfonamides- nocardia actinomyces- penicillin
48
what test has fewer false + then PPD?
INF-y release assay (IGRA)
49
Which gram - are comma shaped?
Campylobacter (grows at 42 degrees) V. cholerae (grows in alkaline media, people on protein pump inhibitors at risk) H. pylori (produces urease) these are also oxidase +
50
which gram - are diplococci?
N. MeninGitidis (ferments Maltose and Glucose) N. Gonorrhoeae (only ferments Glucose) also N. meningitidis has polysaccharide capsule and gonorrheae does NOT
51
which gram - are pleomorphic?
``` aka coccoid rods H. influenza (needs factor V and X) pasturella (animal bites) brucella B. pertusis ```
52
which gram - rods are lactose fermenters?
``` Test with MacConKEEs Citrobacter (slow fermenter) Kelbsiella E. coli Enterobacter Serratia (slow fermenter) ```
53
which gram - rods do not ferment lactose and are oxidase +?
pseudomonas
54
which gram - rods do not ferment lactose and are oxidase -?
Salmonella Proteus Yersinia Shigella (does not produce H2S, the above do)
55
what syndrome can N. gonorrheae cause?
Fitz-hugh curtis
56
what syndrome can N. meningitidis cause?
Waterhouse friderichsen
57
what grows on chocolate agar?
H. influenza
58
what enterics invade lymph?
Salmonella typhii and Yersinia pestis
59
what enteric invades mucosa
shigella | EIEC
60
legionella
``` Legionnaire with SILVER helmet sitting around a campfire with his IRON dagger he is no SISSY -Silver stain -grow on Charcoal with Fe and cysteine Ag in urine legonaires disease and pontiac fever ```
61
Pseudomonas
``` produces pyocyanin (blue-green) grape like odor produces endotoxin and exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2 like diptheriae toxin) burn victims ```
62
ecthyma gangrenosum
rapidly progressive necrotic cutaneous lesion caused by psuedomonas usually in immunocompromised
63
EPEC
no toxin produced | usually in Peds
64
how can you distinguish EHEC from other E. coli
does NOT ferment sorbitol
65
unique features of Salmonella typhi
``` humans only Vi capsule endotoxin primarily monocytes respond Oral vaccine of live attenuated IM vaccine w/Vi Ag constipation precedes diarrhea pseudoappendicitis ```
66
Yersinia enterolitica
transmitted from pet feces, contaminated milk or pork | pseudoappendicitis
67
H. pylori
increased risk for ulcers, gastric adenocarcinoma, and MALT lymphoma urea breath test or fecal Ag for Dx Tx w/triple therapy (PPI, clarithromycin, amoxicillin)
68
Weil disease
lepto | severe form with jaundice and azotemia d/t liver and renal dysfnx, fever, hemorrhage, anemia
69
VDRL
``` for syphilis False +: Viral infections Drugs Rheumatic fever Lupus and Leprosy ```
70
Jarisch-Herxheimer rxn
flu-like syndrome after initiation of abx for syphilis
71
Anaplasma
Anaplasmosis | Ixodes ticks
72
Bartonella
Cat scratch fever | bacillary angiomatosis
73
B. burgdorferi
Lyme | Ixodes tick
74
B. recurrentis
relapsing fever | Louse
75
Brucella
Brucellosis/undulant fever | unpasturized dairy
76
Campylobacter
Bloddy diarrhea | puppies, livestock
77
Chlamdophila psittaci
psittacossi | parrots and other birds
78
Coxiella burnetti
Q fever | aerosols of cattle/sheep amniotic fluid
79
Erlichia chaffeensis
Ehrlichiosis | ambylomma (lone star tick)
80
Fracisella tularensis
tularemia | ticks, rabbits, deer fly
81
Letpospira
Letospirosis | animal urine
82
Mycobacterium leprae
leprosy | armadillo
83
Pasteurella multocida
cellulitis, osteomyelitis | animal bite, cats, dogs
84
Rickettsia prowazekki
epidemic tuphus | louse
85
Rickettsia rickettsii
``` RMSF dermacentor (dog) tick ```
86
Rickettsia typhi
endemi typhus | fleas
87
Salmonella
diarrhea, vomiting, fever, cramps | reptiles and poultry
88
Yersinia pestis
``` plague fleas (rats and prairie dogs are reservoirs) ```
89
RMSF
Rickettsia rickettsii | rash starts at wrists, ankles then spreads
90
Typhus
endemic- fleas R. typhi epidemic- louse R. prowazekii rash starts centrally and moves out
91
ehrilichiosis
ehrichia | monocytes w/morulae (berry like inclusions)
92
anaplasmosis
granulocytes w/morulae
93
Q-fever
C. burnetii spores most common cause of culture neg endocarditis
94
what organisms cause a rash that starts on palms and soles?
Coxackievirus A RMSF Secondary syphilis
95
Chlamydia trachomatis type A, B, C
chronic infections cause blindness d/t follicular conjunctivitis in Africa
96
Chlamydia trachomatis types D-K
urethritis/PID neonatal pneumonia w/eosinophilia neonatal conjuctivits
97
Chlamydia trachomatis types L1-3
Lymphograuloma venereum | small painless ulcers on genitals w/swollen painful inguinal lymph nodes that ulcerate

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