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Step I > Viruses > Flashcards

Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

recombination

A

exchange of genes btwn 2 chromosomes by crossing over w/in regions of homology

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2
Q

reassortment

A

when viruses w/segmented genomes exchange genetic material

influenza

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3
Q

complementation

A

HVD

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4
Q

phenotypic mixing

A

simultaneous infection of a cell w/2 viruses

genome A can be partially or completely coated w/surface proteins from virus B

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5
Q

live attenuated vaccines

A 
Live! See small yellow rotating chickens get vaccinated w/Sabin and MMR, Its INcredible 
Small pox 
yellow fever
chicken pox
Sabin polio 
MMR
Influenza (intranasal)
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6
Q

Killed vaccines

A 
RIP Always
Rabies
Influenza
salk Polio
HAV
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7
Q

DNA viral genomes

A 
All DNA viruses except Parvoviridae are dsDNA
all are linear except papilloma, polyoma, and hepadnaviruses (cicular)
are icoshedral (except pox)
Replicate in nucleus (expect poxvirus)
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8
Q

RNA viral genomes

A

All RNA viruses except Reoviridae are ssRNA

replicate in cytoplasm (except influenza and retroviruses)

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9
Q

+ strand RNA viruses

A 
retro toga party where I drank FLAvored Corona and ate hippy California pickles
retrovirus
togavirus
flavivirus
coronavirus
hepevirus
calicivirus
picornavirus
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10
Q

naked viruses

A 
give PAPP smears and CPR to a naked Heppy
PAPP = DNA, CPR and hep = RNA
papillomavirus 
adenovirus
parvovirus
polyomavirus
calicivirus
picornavirus
reovirus
hepevirus
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11
Q

DNA viruses

A 
HHAPPPPy viruses
Hepadena 
Herpes
Adeno
Pox
Parvo
Papilloma
Polymyoma
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12
Q

Herpesviruses

A 
enveloped
dsDNA, linear
HSV 1, 2
VZV (3)
EBV (4)
CMV (5)
HHV 6 (roseola)
HHV 7 (less common roseola)
HHV 8 (kaposi sarcoma)
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13
Q

Hepadnavirus

A

enveloped
partially DS and circular
HBV

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14
Q

adenovirus

A 
naked
dsDNA and linear
febrile pharyngitis
pneumonia
pink eye
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15
Q

parvovirus

A 
naked 
ssDNA and linear
smallest DNA virus
B19 in kids
hydrops fetalis
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16
Q

papillomavirus

A

naked
dsDNA and circular
HPV warts, CIN, cervical CA (16, 18)

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17
Q

polyomarvirus

A

naked
dsDNA and circular
JC- junky cerebellum
BK- bad kidney

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18
Q

poxvirus

A 
enveloped
dsDNA and linear
largest DNA virus
smallpox
cow pox
molluscum contagiosum
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19
Q

what is the most common cause of sporadic encephalitis?

A

HSV1

usually temporal lobe

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20
Q

what cells does EBV infect?

A

B cells via CD21
the atypical lymphocytes seen on smear are reactive cytotoxic T cells, not B cells
monospot test (agglutination of sheep or horse RBCs)
burkitt lymphoma and nasopharyngeal CA

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21
Q

Roseola

A

HHV 6,7
high fevers for several days, may cause seizures
followed by diffuse macular rash

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22
Q

Tzanck test

A

used to detect multinucleated giatn cells of HSV1,2 and VZV

can also see intranuclear inclusions

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23
Q

reoviruses

A 
naked
dsRNA linear, 10-12 segments
icosahedral 
coltivirus (CO tick fever)
rotavirus (MCC of fatal diarrhea in kids)
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24
Q

picornaviruses

A 
naked
ssRNA pos linear
icosahedral
PERCH:
Polio
echo
rhino
coxsackie
HAV
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25
echovirus
aseptic meningits
26
coxsackievirus
aseptic meningitis herpangina (mouth blisters, fever) hand, foot, and mouth disease myocarditis, pericarditis
27
hepevirus
naked ssRNA pos linear iscosahedral HEV
28
calicivirus
naked ssRNA pos linear icosahedral norovirus
29
flavivirus
``` enveloped ssRNA pos linear icosahedral HCV yellow fever dengue St. louis encephalitis west nile ```
30
togavirus
``` enveloped ssRNA pos linear icosahedral rubella EEE WEE ```
31
retrovirus
enveloped ssRNA pos linear (2 copies) HIV- complex and conical HTVL - icosahedral, Tcell leukemia
32
coronavirus
enveloped ssRNA pos linear helical coronavirus and SARs
33
paramyxovirus
``` enveloped ssRNA neg linear, nonsegmented helical PaRaMyxovirus Parainfluenza- croup RSV Measles, Mumps ```
34
orthomyxoviruses
enveloped ssRNA neg, 8 segments helical influenza
35
rhabdoviruses
enveloped ssRNA neg linear helical rabies
36
filovirus
enveloped ssRNA neg linear helical ebola
37
arenavirus
enveloped ssRNA, neg circular, 3 segments helical lassa fever encephalitis
38
bunyavirsu
``` enceloped ss neg circular 3 segments helical california encephalitis sandfly/rift valley fever crimean congo hemorrhagic fever hantavirsus ```
39
delta virus
enveloped ssRNA neg circular HDV
40
neg strand viruses
``` Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication arenaviruses bunyaviruses paramyxoviruses orthomyxoviruses filoviruses rhabdoviruses ```
41
segmented viruses
``` all RNA BOAR bunyavirus orthomyxoviruses arenaviruses reoviruses ```
42
yellow fever
falvivirus Aedes mosquito high fever, black vomitus, jaundice Councilman bodies (eosinophilic apoptotic globules) on liver Bx
43
influenza viruses
orthomyxoviruses enveloped, neg ssRNA, 8 segments hamagglutinin (viral entry) neuraminidase (progeny virion release)
44
rubella virus
togavirus aka german measles fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgias, fine rash TORCH- blueberry muffin baby
45
paramyxoviruses
``` parainfluenza- croup RSV mumps measles surface F protein -> fuse -> multinucleated giant cells ```
46
measels
rubeola virus 1-prodromal fever w/cough, coryza, conjunctivitis 2-koplik spots 3- rash starts and head moves down lymphadentis w/warthin-finkeldey giant cells w/background paracortical hyperplasia SSPE years later vit A supplementation can reduce mortality
47
mumps
``` paramyxovirus POM: parotits orchiits aseptic meningitis ```
48
rabies
bullet shaped virus | negri bodies in purkinjie cells
49
HAV
RNA picornavirus F-O no carrier no increased risk for HCC
50
HBV
DNA hepadnavirus parenteral, sexual, perinatal carrier state increased risk for HCC
51
HCV
RNA flavivirus primarily blood transmission carrier state increased HCC risk
52
HDV
``` RNA delta virus parenteral, sexual, perinatal carrier state superinfection short- HDV after HBV coinfection long- HDV w/HBV ```
53
HEV
``` RNA hepevirus F-O, especially water bourne no carrier no increased HCC high mortality in prego women ```
54
HIV
``` diploid RNA genome binds CD4, CCR5 on macros, and CXCR4 on T cells 3 structural proteins: env (gp120, gp41) gag pol ```
55
env
gp 120- attachment to host CD4 | gp41- fusion and entry
56
gag
aka p24 | capsid protein
57
pol
reverse transcriptase aspartate protese integrase
58
pathogens once CD4
``` Candida albicans EBV Bartonella henselae HHV-8 Cryptosporidum HPV ```
59
EBV
oral hairy leukoplakia
60
Bartonella henselae
bacilllary angiomatosis | neutrophil inflammation
61
HHV-8
kaposi sarcoma | lymphocytic inflammation
62
cruptosporidum
chronic watery diarrhea | acid-fast oocysts in stool
63
pathogens once CD4
toxoplasma gondii HIV dementia JC pneumocystis jorovecci
64
toxoplasmas gondii
multiple brain abscesses
65
JC virus
progressive multifocal leukoencephalopahty | demylination on MRI
66
Pneumocystis jirovecii
ground glass on CXR
67
CD4
``` aspergillus fumigatus cryptococcus neoformas candida CMV EBV Histoplasma capsulatum MAI ```
68
aspergillus fumigatus
hemoptysis pleuritic pain cavitation or infiltrates on CXR
69
cryptococcus neoformans
meningitis | encapsulated yeast on india ink
70
CMV
retinitis, esophagitis, colitis, pneumonitis, encephalitis linear ulcers on endoscopy cotton wool spots of fundoscopy
71
EBV
B cell lumphoma

Step I (22 decks)

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