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Dermatolgy Flashcards

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1
Q

epidermal layers

A 
Californians Like Girls in String Bikinis 
stratum Corneum
stratum Lucindum
stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basalis
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2
Q

tight jnxs

A

zonula occludens

composed of claudins and occludins

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3
Q

adherens jnx

A 
zonula adherens
below tight jnx
connects actin cytoskeltons of adjacent cells  with CADherins
Ca dependent, ADhesion proteins  
loss of E-cad -> mets
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4
Q

desmosomes

A

macula adherens
structural support via keratin interactions
autoAb -> phemphigus vulgaris

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5
Q

hemidesmosomes

A

connects keratin in basal cells to BM
autoAb -> bullous pemphigoid
hemidesmosomes are down bullow

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6
Q

macule

A

flat lesion

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7
Q

patch

A

macule >1cm

birthmark/congenital nevus

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8
Q

papule

A

elevated solid lesion > 1cm

mole/nevus, acne

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9
Q

plaque

A

papule >1 cm

psoriasis

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10
Q

vesicle

A

small fluid containing blister

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11
Q

bulla

A

large fluid containing blister >1cm

bullous pemphigoid

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12
Q

pustule

A

vesicle w/pus

pustual psorisis

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13
Q

scale

A

flaking off of stratum corneum
eczema
psoriasis
SCC

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14
Q

crust

A

dry exudate

impetigo

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15
Q

hyperkeratosis

A

increased thickening of stratum corneum
psoriasis
calluses

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16
Q

parakeratosis

A

hyperkeratosis w/retention of nuclei in stratum corneum

psoriasis

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17
Q

spongiosis

A

epidermal accumulation of edematous fluid in intercellular spaces
eczematous dermatitis

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18
Q

acanthrolysis

A

seperation of epidermal cells

pemphigus vulgaris

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19
Q

acanthosis

A 
epidermal hyperplasia (increased spinosum)
acanthrosis nigricans
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20
Q

albinism

A

normal melanocyte number w/decreased melanin production
d/t decreased tyrosinase activity or defective transport
can also be d/t failure of neural crest cell migration
increased risk for skin CA
partial albinism seen in chediak higashi syndrome

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21
Q

melasma

A

hyperpigmentation associated w/prego (mask of prego)

or OCP use

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22
Q

vitiligo

A

irregular areas of complete depigmentation d/t autoimmune destruction of melanocytes

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23
Q

acne

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A

obstructive and inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous unit

24
Q

atopic dermatitis

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A 
aka eczema
pruitic eruption 
commonly on skin flexures
associated w/other ectopic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis)
starts on face in infancy 
antecubital fossa in adullts
25
melanocytic nevus
common mole benign melanoma can arise intradermal nevi are papular jnx nevi are flat
26
psoriasis
papules and plaques w/silvery scaling knees, elbows acanthosis w/parakeratotic scaling increased stratum spinosum decreased stratum granulosum Auspitz sign- pinpoint bleeding spts (exposed dermal papillae) associated w/nail pitting and psoriatic arthritis
27
rosacea
inflammatory facial skin disorder characterized by erythematous papules and pustules, no comedones facial flushing chronic inflammatory changes -> rhinophyma
28
seborrheic keratosis
flat greasy pigmented squamous epi proliferation w/keratin filled cysts (horn cyst) common in elderly benign
29
leser-trelat sign
sudden appearance of multiple seborrheic keratoses indicates underlying malignancy (GI, lymphoid)
30
verrucae
warts caused by HPV soft, tan colored, cauliflower like papules epidermal hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, koilocytosis condyloma acumminatum on genitals
31
urticaria
hives | pruitic wheals that form after mast cell degraulation
32
impetigo
S. aureus or S. pyogens
33
bullous impetigo
usually S. aureus
34
cellulitis
acute, painful spreading infection of deeper dermis and subq | S. pyogens or S. aureus
35
erysipelas
upper dermis and superficial lymp S. pyogens well demarcated
36
abscess
S. aureus
37
necrotizing fasciitis
anerobes S. pyogens crepitus bullae and purple color
38
staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
exotoxin destroys keratinocyte attachements to stratum granulosum destryoing epidermal-dermal jnx fever and generalized erythematous rash w/sloughing of upper layers of epi that heals completely
39
molluscum contagiosum
poxvirus
40
hairy leukoplakia
irregular white painless plaques on tongue that cannot be scraped off EBV mediated HIV and organ transplant recipients
41
pemphigus vulgaris
potentially fatal autoimmune disorder IgG against desmoglein flaccid intraepidermal bullae d/t acantholysis oral mucosa involved immunofluroescenes -> reticular(net-like) pattern nikolsky sign +
42
bullous pephigoid
less severe then pemphigus vulgaris IgG against hemidesmosomes (abs are bullow) tense blisters containing eos affect skin, but spare oral mucosa linear pattern at epi-dermal jnx nikolsky sign -
43
dermatitis herpetiformis
pruitic papules, vesicles, and bullae elbows IgA at dips of dermal papillae celiacs
44
erythema multiforme associaions
``` M. pneumoniae HSV sulfa drugs beta lactams phenytoin CA autoimmune ```
45
erythema multiforme
multiple types of lesions | macules, papules, vesicles, target lesions
46
SJS
>30% of skin involved called toxic epidermal necrolysis | SJS-TEN
47
acanthosis nigricans
``` hyperinsulinemia (DM, obesity, cushings) visceral malignancy (gastric adenocarcinoma) ```
48
actinic keratosis
premalignant lesions d/t sun small, round, erythematous or brownish papules or plaques SCC risk
49
erythema nodosum
``` painful inflammatory lesion of subq fat ant shin sarcoidosis coccidiomycosis histo TB strep leprosy chrons ```
50
6 P's of lichen Planus
``` Pruitic Purple Polygonal Plnar Papules Plaques ```
51
lichen planus
wickham striae sawtooth infiltrate of lymphocytes at dermal-epi jxn associated w/hepC
52
pityriasis rosea
Herald patch followed by scaly erthematous plawues often in 'x-mas tree' resolves in 6-8wks
53
BCC
``` MC skin CA sun-exposed areas locally invasive rarely mets pink pearly nodules telangiectasias rolled borders central crusting/ulceration basal cells have pallisading nuclei ```
54
SCC
``` 2nd MC skin CA excessive sun exposure immnosupressed arsenic face, lower lip, ears, hands, locally invasive may spread to lymph nodes r w/scale keratin perals arely mets ulcerative red lesions ```
55
keratoacanthoma
variant that grows rapidly (4-6wks) | may regress spontaneously
56
melanoma
``` significant risk of mets S-100 HMB-45 activating BRAF kinase mutation Tx w/vemurafenib (BRAF kinase inhibitor) ```
57
types of melanoma
superficial spreading nodular lentigo maligna acral lentiginous

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