bacteria3 Flashcards by Chris Rodarte

intracellular vector-borne diseases

Rickettsial disease and Erlichiosis

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cells infected by Rickettsia (why rash); what does this cause?

endothelial cells; perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate

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where rickettsia multiply

small vessel endothelia

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severe manifestations of rickettsial infection due primarily to this

vascular leakage

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symptoms you will see due to vasculitis of important arterioles/capillaries

encephalitis, pneumonitis, rash, N/V, kidney failure

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Rickettsia intra or extracellular?

intracellular

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mediates immune response responsible for much of tissue damage seen in Rickettsial infection

cytotoxic T cells

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clinical presentation of Rickettsia patients

fever, rash, CNS symptoms

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treatment for Rickettsia

doxycycline

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severe presentation of Rickettsia

hypovolemic shock, DIC, pulmonary edema

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DDx for Rickettsial infection

Rickettsial disease, Meningococcemia, Rubeola, Rubella, Erlichiosis

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spreads epidemic typhus (Rickettsial disease)

lice

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organism that causes epidemic typhus (spread by head lice)

R. prowazekii

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what epidemic typhus begins with clinically; what CNS symptoms can then manifest?

centrifugal rash; apathy, dullness, stupor, coma

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mild clinical findings for epidemic typhus

rash and small hemorrhages

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more severe clinical finding in epidemic typhus

gangrene (tips of fingers, nose, earlobes, scrotum, penis and vulva)

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incubation period for RMSF

7 days

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vector for RMSF

tick

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length of time for high fever in RMSF; when does rash appear?

2-3 weeks; day 6

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major cause of death in RMSF

noncardiogenic pulmonary edema

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primary vector for RMSF in east of country

american dog tick

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3 places that lyme disease disseminates; what is most common cause of death?

heart, joints, brain; heart

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most common vector for Lyme disease (animal to human)

tick

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spirochete that causes Lyme disease

Borrelia burgdorferi

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areas in country where Lyme disease most common

WI, MN, east coast

receptor for LPS on macrophages...important in Lyme disease immune response (causes most pathology)

TLR2

skin rash (vasodilation) w/ dense perivascular inflammatory infiltrates of mononuclear leukocytes

primary Lyme disease

bulls eye lesion cause by this organism

B. burgdorferi

time frame for secondary Lyme disease to develop

weeks to months

symptoms of secondary lyme disease

joint disease, cardiac arrhythmias, meningitis w/ CN involvement, muscle pain

time frame for tertiary Lyme disease to develop

years

symptoms of Pasteurella multocida due to cat bite/scratch (most common)...rapidly developing under 24 hours

cellulitis, abscesses, sepsis

antibiotic used for cat bite/scratches (\*all should be treated\*)

Augmentin

causes cat scratch disease (associated with kittens and fleas)

Bartonella henselae

symptom of cat scratch disease

localized lymphadenopathy

most widespread zoonotic disease in world

Leptospirosis

where is Leptospira interrogans excreted from in canines?

urine

what does Leptospirosis resemble (acute, self-limited, febrile w/ biphasic irritation, conjunctival irritation, hyperemia)

viral meningitis

virus from "pocket pets"....3 patients received organs and later died with this in 2005...found in pet rodents; exposed thru urine, droppings, saliva, or nesting material

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus

inhalation of dust-borne contaminated excretia from birds...

ornithosis

these animals commonly carry salmonella

reptiles, turtles

very young, very old, immunocompromised, pregnant women should not be exposed to these kind of pets

reptiles and pocket pets

this bacteria infection comes from rabbits, causes granulomatous inflammation

Tularemia

animals associated with Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)

sheep and goats

cutaneous sign of Anthrax

small hemorrhagic pustule (develops to black eschar), painful lymphadenitis

pathological mechanism of Anthrax

antiphagocytic, edema and cytotoxic factors, leukopenia (destroys PMNs), DIC and death

presentation of inhalation of Anthrax

severe pneumonia

treatment for Anthrax infection

penicillin, doxy (also a vaccine)

stain that is retained in acid fast mycobacterium after washed with acid solvents

carbolfuschin

M. tuberculosis is associated with these risk factors

elderly, AIDS, alcoholism

histological hallmark of M. tuberculosis

caseating granuloma

type of hypersensitivity that M. tuberculosis induces (cytotoxic T cell response)

makes up granuloma (tubercle) of M. tuberculosis

epithelioid cells, Langhans multinucleate giant cells, collar of fibroblasts, lymphocytes

cytokines that are important in granuloma formation due to specific T cell mediated response

IFN-g and TNF

lacking previous contact with TB...go to terminal bronchials and forms granuloma

primary/latent TB

single granuloma of lower part of upper lobes with mediastinal lymph nodes having caseating granulomas

Ghon focus

where Gohn focus most common in latent TB

lower part upper lobe or upper of lower

makes up Gohn focus

primary lung lesion plus caseating necrosis in mediastinal LN

where does secondary TB spread? why?

apical lobes; higher oxygen tension

coalescing granulomas...lost necrotic center because it has eroded into airway (looks like hole)

cavitary lesions

characteristic findings on Xray for TB diagnosis

cavitary lesions, calcification of lymph nodes

test that measures amount of interferon production released by MP exposed to TB

Quanti-feron

areas of body affected by Leprosy (mycobacterium leprae)....coolest parts of body

skin and nerves

progressive and contagious form of Leprosy

lepromatous

spirochete that causes syphilis...\*3 stages\* similar to Lyme disease

Treponema pallidum

painless ulcer...primary lesion of syphilis

chancre

in URT/meningitis infections...this activates endothelial cells and MP and causes vascular leakage --\> can lead to DIC

LPS

URT, gram positive, diplococcus that can cause sepsis and meningitis

Pneumococcus

URT, gram negative diplococcus that can cause DIC, sepsis and meningitis

N meningitidis and N gonorrhea

URT, gram negative diplococcus that can cause septic arthritis

N gonorrhea

URT, gram negative diplococcus that can cause sepsis and meningitis

H influenzae B

in capsule of bacteria...triggers systemic inflammation --\> sepsis/DIC

LPS or PspC

receptors that LPS interacts with to induce systemic cytokine secretion and endothelial cell activation

TLR

characterized by systemic activation of coagulation by bacteria --\> systemic microthrombi --\> hemorrhage (after coag factors used)

DIC

gonnococci only have this in cell wall...why rarely cause sepsis/DIC/meningitis

LOS

Strep pneumoniae is major cause of these diseases

URI, lobar pneumonia, meningitis

N meningitidis is sensitive to this antibiotic

penicillin

Type B haemophilus has this kind of toxin characteristic --\> can lead to DIC

endotoxin

Haemophilus infection that could result in endocarditis (usually normal flora)

H parainfluenzae

Haemophilus that causes chancroid

H ducreyi

must conjugate encapsulated bacteria vaccines (H influenzae) because infants cannot make effective antibodies against this

capsule polysaccharides