bacteria1 Flashcards
1
Q
aka acquired in hospital
A
nosocomial
2
Q
bacteria responsible for 95% of community acquired pneumonia
A
Strep pneumoniae
3
Q
infections with this bacteria usually secondary to other alteration in tissue structure or function
A
endogenous bacteria
4
Q
lack of this allows infiltration of intracellular organisms (like ricketssia and viruses)
A
cellular immunity
5
Q
pyogenic cocci
A
Staphylococcus and Streptococcus
6
Q
if you think about rice…think about this bacteria
A
Bacillus cereus
7
Q
non-spore forming bacilli
A
Listeria and Corynebacteria
8
Q
typical stain color for gram negative
A
red
9
Q
typical stain color for gram positive
A
purple
10
Q
diagnostic test between Staph and Strep
A
catalase
11
Q
is Staph positive or negative catalase?
A
positive
12
Q
is Strep positive or negative catalase?
A
negative
13
Q
kind of inflammatory response in pyogenic cocci infection
A
suppurative
14
Q
only pyogenic bacteria that has vaccine
A
Strep pneumonia
15
Q
is Staph aureus positive or negative coagulase?
A
positive
16
Q
is Staph epidermidis positive or negative coagulase?
A
negative
17
Q
general diseases caused by Staph
A
abscess, bacteremia, toxin-mediated
18
Q
system wide inflammatory response
A
sepsis
19
Q
aka a boil
A
furuncle
20
Q
aka multiple, connected boils
A
carbuncle
21
Q
characterized by superficial skin/wound infection…leakage of protein-rich fluid that dries and becomes crusty (commonly transmitted between kids)
A
impetigo
22
Q
common upper respiratory staphylococcal infections
A
sinusitis, otitis media, pharyngitis
23
Q
symptoms of toxic shock syndrome
A
fever, diffuse macular rash, shock
24
Q
examples of conditions caused by bacteremia from staphylococcal infection
A
acute endocarditis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis
25
this group of strep can cause impetigo, GABHS
group A
26
this group of strep can cause perinatal sepsis/in newborns, UTIs
group B
27
enzymes in streptococal infection that contributes to ability to spread through tissues
streptokinase, streptolysin O/S
28
severe prolonged group A pharyngitis ...typically 3-15 years old; erythrogenic toxin causes violaceous red rash on trunk
scarlet fever
29
hypersensitivity reaction where antibodies bind cells/tissue....rheumatic fever
II
30
hypersensitivity reaction in which immune complexes form
III
31
3 signs of acute renal failure
oliguria, hematuria, hypertension
32
time after streptococcal infection may get gloerulonephritis; what kind of hypersensitivity reaction is it?
1-2 weeks; III
33
symptoms of acute rheumatic fever
myocarditis and endocarditis
34
scrotal/perineal form of necrotizing fasciitis
Fournier's gangrene
35
strep typically associated with subacute bacterial endocarditis
Strep viridans
36
does subacute bacterial endocarditis typically occur on right or left side of heart (typically in valves)
left
37
most common organisms that cause foodborne illnesses (can cause hospitalizations)
Salmonella (non typhi) and campylobacter
38
common food contaminants but do not cause serious disease (toxin mediated)
C perfringens and Staph aureus
39
organisms that are less common to cause food contamination but when they do can be fatal
Listeria and E coli O157:H7
40
enteric pathogens that are viruses
Norwalk, Enteroviruses, Polio
41
enteric pathogens that are parasites
Giardia, Amoebae, Ascaris, Cryptosporiosis
42
incubation period for infection by colonizing toxigenic organisms (hypersecretion reaction from bacterial adherence and toxin secretion)
1-3 days
43
incubation period for pathogens that invade the gut wall
days-weeks
44
enteric pathogen that has prototype secretagogue enterotoxin
Vibrio cholerae
45
enteric pathogens that have cytotoxins
Shigella, E coli O157:H7 (Shiga toxin)
46
these enterotoxins act as T cell superantigens
Staph
47
invasion and cytolysis of gut epithelium result in this
dysentery
48
these 3 things must be present to be considered dysentery
loose stool, blood, leukocytes
49
see this when there is only toxin, superficial colonization/toxin, or superficial colonization and inflammation
diarrhea
50
this coliform forms green sheet on EMB agar; what is gram stain and shape?
E coli; negative, rod
51
aka ferments lactose
coliform
52
if E coli has shigatoxin (verotoxin) will cause this
hemolytic uremic syndrome
53
E coli infection that causes traveler's diarrhea
ETEC (enterotoxic)
54
E coli infection with severe bloody colitis...from consumption hamburger, dairy products, or fruit juice (\*shiga toxin strain --\> O157:H7\*)
EHEC (enterohemorrhagic)
55
E coli infection that causes mainly pediatric diarrhea in impoverished nations
EAEC (enteroaggregative)
56
common sources of E coli O157:H7
hamburger, unpasteurized milk (also outbreaks in spinach and sprouts)
57
what shigatoxin from E coli O157:H7 inhibits in endothelial cells of large intestine (\*Need less than 100 organisms to be infectious\*)
mRNA translation and protein synthesis
58
symptoms of E coli O157:H7 infection typically begin this time frame after ingestion; how long do symptoms last?
3-4 days; 8 days
59
symptoms of E coli O157:H7 infection
abdominal cramping, watery to bloody diarrhea (some vomiting, low grade or absent fever)
60
possible serious presentations of E coli O157:H7
hemolytic uremic syndrome (in elderly and children) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
61
other strains of STEC that are important (non-O157:H7)
O26, O103, O111
62
this enteric pathogen is gram negative, non-motile, and non-coliform
shigella
63
where does shigella spread after invasive lesions of colonic mucosa?
lymph nodes (NOT BACTEREMIA)
64
Shigella exotoxin causes this; what does this then lead to?
mucosal necrosis; pseudomembrane (from fibrinosuppurative exudate)
65
number of organisms needed for Shigella infection
66
this enteric pathogen is comma shaped, gram negative, alkali tolerant (fecal-oral transmission, \*asymptomatic carriers\*)
Vibrio cholerae
67
pathogenicity of V cholerae is due entirely to this
enterotoxin (induces isotonic fluid secretion)
68
most people with V cholerae die from this
dehydration and hypovolemic shock
69
ADP ribosylation and activation of GTP adenylate cyclase (creating cAMP) causes secretion of this in V cholerae infection
chloride and bicarb
70
this enteric pathogen is gram negative, non-coliform and produces H2S
Salmonella
71
most common organisms for Salmonellosis
S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium
72
possible sources of Salmonellosis
eggs, undercooked chicken/meat, turtles/reptiles, cantaloupes/mangoes
73
Salmonella causes this in sickle cell anemia
osteomyelitis and sepsis
74
symptoms of Paratyphoid fever
fever, bacteremia, local lesions (associated w/ sickle cell disease, schistosomiasis)
75
organisms that can cause Paratyphoid fever
S typhinurium, S paratyphi, S cholerae-suis
76
where do you see spots associated with fever in Salmonella typhi?
low anterior chest, abdomen
77
symptoms of Salmonella typhi
fever w/ rose spots, hepatosplenomegaly
78
incubation period for Salmonella typhi
10-20 days
79
bacteria associated with aspiration in a hospital setting
Klebsiella pneumonia
80
pulmonary infections with Klebsiella and Enterobacter may be associated with this
necrotizing abscesses
81
gram negative, facultative anaerobic rod --\> causes UTI, pyelonephritis, pneumonia
Proteus mirabilis
82
Proteus mirabilis secretes this --\> causes alkaline urine, chronic pyelonephritis --\> staghorn calculi
urease
83
Serratia marcescens causes this `
pneumonia (debilitated patients) and UTI
84
Pseudomonas aeruginosa commonly co-infects with this bacterial complex
Burkholderia cepacia
85
this organism can cause corneal keratitis, endocarditis/osteomyelitis (in IV users), external otitis (severe in diabetics)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
86
gram positive nosocomials --\> wound infections, catheters/instruments, bacteremia, necrotizing pneumonias
Staph aureus, Staph epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis
87
these are anaerobic gram negative bacterial infections --\> ischemic, devitalized tissues, foul smelling pus
Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus
88
mode of infections for anaerobic gram negative bacterial infections
aspiration, trauma, fecal leakage
89
gram stain for Legionella pneumophila
negative (flagellated rod)
90
H. pylori has this creating a protective layer of ammonium around it as protection from the acid in stomach
urease
