Bacterial Meningitides Flashcards by Shelby SK

(early onset/late onset) neonatal group b strep

major clinical manifestations are bone/joint infections, and bacteremia with concomitant.fulminant meningitis

late onset

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Two agars associated with Neisseria meningitidis

Chocolate agar

Thayer-Martin agar

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the causative agent of meningococcal meningitis

Neisseria meningitidis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the two virulence factors of Listeria monocytogenes

lipopolysaccharide-like surface component

2. Listeriolysin O

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 microbes that most commonly cause community acquired meningitis

s. pneumoniae
h. influenzae
n. meningitidis

(organisms able to colonize the respiratory tract)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

neonatal meningitis predisposing factors *neonatal factors:

immature immune system
immature organs
low birth weight

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which meningitis microbe is associated with the presence of petechiae and pink macules with widespread eruption within hours

Neisseria meningitidis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis (NOT NEONATAL!)

Strep pneumoniae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the most common cause of transmission of Listeria monocytogenes

food

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does streptococcus agalatiae (group B strep) look like on agar?

gray-white colonies with a narrow zone of b-hemolysis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

(early onset/late onset) neonatal group b strep

symptoms develop from 7 days to 3 months of age

late onset

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the cause of systemic toxicity of CNS infections

exotoxin activity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the leading cause of meningitis in cancer and renal transplant patients

listeriosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the most common agent in patients with recurrent meningeal infections

Strep pneumoniae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Neisseria meningitidis
gram (+/-)
shape?

negative

diplococcus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

survivors of neonatal meningitis typically have

permanent defects

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What was the most common cause of bacterial meningitis before 1986

Haemophilus influenzae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is another name for group B strep

streptococcus agalatiae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does Listeria monocytogenes require for growth

reduced oxygen tension for in vitro growth

FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR PATHOGEN

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which microbe is associated with a “tumbling” motility in hanging drop preparation

Listeria monocytogenes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

streptococcus agalatiae
group B strep

gram (+/-)
shape?

gram +

coccus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the prognosis or neonatal meningitis

poor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What kind of cells do Listeria monocytogenes like to grow in?

epithelial cells

macrophages and monocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the most common cause of neonatal bacterial meningitis

streptococcus agalatiae

group B strep

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

You do the tumbler test and roll a glass on a rash of your patient and the color DOES change... whatchu got

not Neisseria meningitidis | probably allergies

(early onset/late onset) neonatal group b strep symptoms develop during first 5 days of life

early onset

Classic triad of symptoms of meningitis

1. fever 2. headache 3. neck stiffness

What is a gram negative organism from the GI tract that can cause neonatal meningitis

E. Coli

higher incidence of meningitis in these populations: (4)

1. new borns (up to 8 months) 2. elderly 3. immunocompromised 4. developing countries

What two terrible things can happen from Meningococcemia

DIC | gram negative shock

____% of colonized neonates develop neonatal bacterial meningitis

1-2

You do the tumbler test and roll a glass on a rash of your patient and the color does NOT change... whatchu got

Neisseria meningitidis

How is Listeriolysin O a virulence factor for Listeria monocytogenes

disrupts phagolysosome memebrane inhibits antigen processing induces apoptosis

What causes the eventual decrease of blood flow to the brain in meningitis infections?

"leaky" blood vessels allow fluid, WBCs and other immune components to enter the brain due to BBB becoming partially disrupted

Infections of the CNS 2 broad categories:

1. meningitis | 2. encephalitis

4 signs and symptoms specific to neonatal bacterial meningitis

1. bulging fontanelle 2. high pitched cry 3. hypotonia 4. paradoxic irritability

presumptive lab tests for streptococcus agalatiae (group B strep)

CAMP factor accentuation of hemolysis due to interaction with staph b-lysin

(early onset/late onset) neonatal group b strep major clinical manifestations are bacteremia, pneumonia, and meningitis

early onset

What are the two main manifestations of Listeriosis

sepsis | meningitis

What are the main causes of hospital acquired meningitis

iatrogenic procedures | altered immune status

What is the only reservoir of Neisseria meningitidis

humans

(early onset/late onset) neonatal group b strep maternal obstetric complications are common

early onset

How is lipopolysaccharide-like surface component a virulence factor for Listeria monocytogenes

antiphagocytic | complement-dependent hemolytic antibodies

Which meningitis microbe is associated with growing on a very selective agar made of Mueller Hinton supplemented with sheep RBCs and antibiotics (vanco, colistin, nystatin, and bactrim)

Neisseria meningitidis

Which microbe is associated with the tumbler test

Neisseria meningitidis

What are the four virulence factors of streptococcus agalatiae (group B strep)

1. capsular polysaccharide 2. hyaluronidase 3. collagenase 4. hemolysin

Encephalitis is inflammation in the:

parenchyma

neonatal meningitis predisposing factors *maternal factors

premature rupture of membrane urogenital infection during late term intrauterine infection during early term invasion of the uterine space

definitive diagnosis for streptococcus agalatiae (group B strep)

isolation from blood, CSF

Meningitis is inflammation resulting from an infection in the:

subarachnoid space

what are the 5 most important serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis? Which ones are in the quadrivalent vaccine?

A, B, C, Y, W35 all but B

What are the 3 pathways for gaining access to the CNS

1. invasion of the bloodstream and seeding of the CNS 2. Retrograde neuronal pathway 3. direct contiguous spread

What is a classic feature of listeriosis in adults?

brain stem encephalitis

What is the difference between acute and chronic meningitis

``` acute = symptom onset of hours to several days chronic = symptom progression for more than 4 weeks ```

(early onset/late onset) neonatal group b strep maternal obstetric complications are uncommon

late onset

Listeria monocytogenes gram (+/-) shape? motile?

gram positive coccobacillus motile

What is the only microbe associated with summer seasonality for meningitis

Listeria monocytogenes

What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis now (after 1986)

strep pneumo

Why do outbreaks of Neisseria meningitidis happen in college dorms and military barracks

because it requires close quarters for transmission

What is the reason incidence of meningitis has declined significantly

1. availability of vaccines | 2. universal screening of pregnant women for Group B strep

What is the negative result of the release of inflammatory cytokines once the bacteria crosses the blood-brain barrier

WBC diapedesis into CSF ---> increased permeability of blood-brain barrier ---> edema, intracranial pressure, altered blood flow

Predominant agents of NEONATAL meningitis

streptococcus agalactiae escherichia coli listeria monocytogenes

What is the most common pathway of an infection gaining access to the CNS

invasion of the bloodstream and seeding of the CNS

What blood studies are useful in the diagnosis of meningitis

CBC Serum electrolytes Liver profile *****SERUM GLUCOSE***** compared to CSF

What are the main microbes associated with hospital acquired meningitis

gram negative rods s. aureus "other strep and staph"

Which meningitis microbe is associated with being able to live at very low temps in the fridge or freezer

Listeria monocytogenes

Bacterial Meningitides Flashcards

(66 cards)