Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Micro Exam 2 (Shelby) > Otitis, Diphtheria, Pertussis > Flashcards

Otitis, Diphtheria, Pertussis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the causative agent of Pertussis

A

Bordetella pertussis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Most common bacterial causes of otitis externa:

A
  1. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2. Staphylococcus aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does dermonecrotic toxin do?

Bordetella pertussis

A

vasoconstriction and ischemic necrosis

immune cells can’t get to where they need to go

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does Adenylate Cyclase toxin do?

Bordetella pertussis

A

decreased chemotaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Unique testing for Moraxella catarrhalis

A

oxidase positive

B-lactamase producer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Gram: ____
Shape: ______

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Gram: negative
Shape: bacilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis
Gram: ____
Shape: ______

A

Gram: negative
shape: diplococci***

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae effect on RBCs

A

a-hemolytic

partially lyse RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Pyoverdin

A

pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
not a virulence factor
Used to identify
Green

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How long does the Catarrhal stage of Pertussis last

A

1-2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of toxin is diphtheria toxin

A

A-B exotoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Pyocyanin

A

pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
virulence factor
Blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the special test associated with testing for the toxin production of diphtheria

A

Elek test

immunodiffusion assay to secretion of exotoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Transmission of diphtheria

A

person-to-person

Respiratory droplets or skin contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the weird dots at the end of Corynebacterium called

A

metachromatic (volutin) granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Virulent strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae have what?

A

encapulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the pigments produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

pyocyanin

pyoverdin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which stage of Pertussis are patients most contagious

A

Catarrhal stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bordetella pertussis
Gram: ____
Shape: ______

A

gram: negative
shape: coccobacilli

*very small

20
Q

Your tiny baby patient has pertussis and has fewer paroxysms than before. What stage of Pertussis does this baby have?

What are you most worried about?

A

Convalescent stage

pneumonia** but also encephalopathy, seizures, death

21
Q

P. Aeruginosa and S. Aureus are the two major bacterial causes of otitis externa because:

A

they grow best in moisture

Swimmer’s Ear

22
Q

(Bordetella pertussis)

______ mediate attachment to ________ and subsequent colonization of the ciliated respiratory epithelium

A

(Bordetella pertussis)

ADHESINS mediate attachment to INTEGRINS and subsequent colonization of the ciliated respiratory epithelium

23
Q

What is the causative agent of Diphtheria

A

Corynebacterium

24
Q

You’ve determined the species to be Staphylococcus from a gram stain, but we need to see if it is Staphylococcus aureus. How can we do this

A

Coagulase test

Staphylococcus aureus is coagulase positive (can cause blood clotting)

25
Q

How long does the Paroxysmal stage of Pertussis last

A

” weeks “

26
Q

What stimulates diphtheria toxin

A

low iron concentration

27
Q

Describe the process of the diphtheria toxin

A
  1. B subunit binds to heparin-binding EGF receptor
  2. Exotoxin endocytosed
  3. A subunit inactivates EF-2 via ADP ribosylation
  4. halts protein synthesis - kills cell
28
Q

What does Pyoverdin do

A

Sequesters Iron (a siderophore)

29
Q

Your tiny baby patient has pertussis and has paroxysmal coughing, often followed by vomiting. The cough sounds like a whoops. What stage of Pertussis does this baby have?

A

Paroxysmal stage

30
Q

Staphylococcus aureus effect on RBCs

A

B-hemolytic

can completely lyse RBCs

31
Q

Your tiny baby patient has pertussis and has nonsepcific upper respiratory tract symptoms. I don’t know how you know they have Pertussis from these nonspecific symptoms but whatever. What stage of Pertussis does this baby have?

A

Catarrhal stage

32
Q

What are the four extotoxins associated with Bordetella pertussis

A
  1. Dermonecrotic toxin
  2. Tracheal cytotoxin
  3. Pertussis toxin (A-B exotoxin)
  4. Adenylate cyclase toxin
33
Q

What does Pertussis (A-B exotoxin) do?

Bordetella pertussis

A

large-scale destruction

causes lymphocytosis

34
Q

What does Pyocyanin do

A

generates ROSs

reactive oxygen species

35
Q

What does Tracheal cytotoxin do?

Bordetella pertussis

A

kills ciliated respiratory epithelial cells

stimulated IL-1 release

36
Q

Haemophilus influenzae
Gram: ____
Shape: ______

A

Gram: negative
Shape: coccobacilli

37
Q

Staphylococcus aureus
Gram: ____
Shape: ______

A

Gram: positive
shape: Cocci in CLUSTERS

38
Q

Two clinical manifestations of diphtheria toxin that are very important

A
  1. formation of pseudomembrane

2. bull neck

39
Q

Which bacteria is fluorescent even without a UV light

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

40
Q

What two cultures are associated with diphtheria diagnosis

A
  1. Loeffler’s medium (volutin granules)

2. Cysteine-tellurite agar (black to tellurite reduction)

41
Q

Most common bacterial causes of otitis media and sinusitis:

A
  1. Streptococcus pneumoniae (50%)
  2. Haemophilus influenzae (20%)
  3. Moraxella catarrhalis (10%)
42
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae is sensitive to what antibiotic on an agar

A

optochin

43
Q

Corynebacterium
Gram: ____
Shape: ______

A

Gram: positive
Shape: pleomorphic bacilli, “palisades” or “V” shape

44
Q

What two cultures are associated with a definitive diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis

A
  1. Bordet-Gengou agar

2. Regan-Lowe Agar

45
Q

How long is the incubation phase of Pertussis

A

7-10 days

46
Q

After localized damage of the exotoxin of diphtheria (causing pseudomembrane, bull neck, and gross stuff) what other crazy thing can happen

A

systemic toxicity

myocarditis
demyelination

47
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Gram: ____
Shape: ______

A

Gram: positive
shape: diplococci**

Micro Exam 2 (Shelby) (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions