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Micro Exam 2 (Shelby) > Otitis, Diphtheria, Pertussis > Flashcards

Otitis, Diphtheria, Pertussis Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

What is the causative agent of Pertussis

A

Bordetella pertussis

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2
Q

Most common bacterial causes of otitis externa:

A
  1. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2. Staphylococcus aureus

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3
Q

What does dermonecrotic toxin do?

Bordetella pertussis

A

vasoconstriction and ischemic necrosis

immune cells can’t get to where they need to go

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4
Q

What does Adenylate Cyclase toxin do?

Bordetella pertussis

A

decreased chemotaxis

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5
Q

Unique testing for Moraxella catarrhalis

A

oxidase positive

B-lactamase producer

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6
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Gram: ____
Shape: ______

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Gram: negative
Shape: bacilli

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7
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis
Gram: ____
Shape: ______

A

Gram: negative
shape: diplococci***

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8
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae effect on RBCs

A

a-hemolytic

partially lyse RBCs

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9
Q

What is Pyoverdin

A

pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
not a virulence factor
Used to identify
Green

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10
Q

How long does the Catarrhal stage of Pertussis last

A

1-2 weeks

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11
Q

What type of toxin is diphtheria toxin

A

A-B exotoxin

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12
Q

What is Pyocyanin

A

pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
virulence factor
Blue

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13
Q

What is the special test associated with testing for the toxin production of diphtheria

A

Elek test

immunodiffusion assay to secretion of exotoxin

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14
Q

Transmission of diphtheria

A

person-to-person

Respiratory droplets or skin contact

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15
Q

What are the weird dots at the end of Corynebacterium called

A

metachromatic (volutin) granules

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16
Q

Virulent strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae have what?

A

encapulated

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17
Q

What are the pigments produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

pyocyanin

pyoverdin

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18
Q

Which stage of Pertussis are patients most contagious

A

Catarrhal stage

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19
Q

Bordetella pertussis
Gram: ____
Shape: ______

Study These Flashcards
A

gram: negative
shape: coccobacilli

*very small

20
Q

Your tiny baby patient has pertussis and has fewer paroxysms than before. What stage of Pertussis does this baby have?

What are you most worried about?

Study These Flashcards
A

Convalescent stage

pneumonia** but also encephalopathy, seizures, death

21
Q

P. Aeruginosa and S. Aureus are the two major bacterial causes of otitis externa because:

Study These Flashcards
A

they grow best in moisture

Swimmer’s Ear

22
Q

(Bordetella pertussis)

______ mediate attachment to ________ and subsequent colonization of the ciliated respiratory epithelium

Study These Flashcards
A

(Bordetella pertussis)

ADHESINS mediate attachment to INTEGRINS and subsequent colonization of the ciliated respiratory epithelium

23
Q

What is the causative agent of Diphtheria

Study These Flashcards
A

Corynebacterium

24
Q

You’ve determined the species to be Staphylococcus from a gram stain, but we need to see if it is Staphylococcus aureus. How can we do this

Study These Flashcards
A

Coagulase test

Staphylococcus aureus is coagulase positive (can cause blood clotting)

25
How long does the Paroxysmal stage of Pertussis last
" weeks "
26
What stimulates diphtheria toxin
low iron concentration
27
Describe the process of the diphtheria toxin
1. B subunit binds to heparin-binding EGF receptor 2. Exotoxin endocytosed 3. A subunit inactivates EF-2 via ADP ribosylation 4. halts protein synthesis - kills cell
28
What does Pyoverdin do
Sequesters Iron (a siderophore)
29
Your tiny baby patient has pertussis and has paroxysmal coughing, often followed by vomiting. The cough sounds like a whoops. What stage of Pertussis does this baby have?
Paroxysmal stage
30
Staphylococcus aureus effect on RBCs
B-hemolytic can completely lyse RBCs
31
Your tiny baby patient has pertussis and has nonsepcific upper respiratory tract symptoms. I don't know how you know they have Pertussis from these nonspecific symptoms but whatever. What stage of Pertussis does this baby have?
Catarrhal stage
32
What are the four extotoxins associated with Bordetella pertussis
1. Dermonecrotic toxin 2. Tracheal cytotoxin 3. Pertussis toxin (A-B exotoxin) 4. Adenylate cyclase toxin
33
What does Pertussis (A-B exotoxin) do? | Bordetella pertussis
large-scale destruction | causes lymphocytosis
34
What does Pyocyanin do
generates ROSs | reactive oxygen species
35
What does Tracheal cytotoxin do? | Bordetella pertussis
kills ciliated respiratory epithelial cells | stimulated IL-1 release
36
Haemophilus influenzae Gram: ____ Shape: ______
Gram: negative Shape: coccobacilli
37
Staphylococcus aureus Gram: ____ Shape: ______
Gram: positive shape: Cocci in CLUSTERS
38
Two clinical manifestations of diphtheria toxin that are very important
1. formation of pseudomembrane | 2. bull neck
39
Which bacteria is fluorescent even without a UV light
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
40
What two cultures are associated with diphtheria diagnosis
1. Loeffler's medium (volutin granules) | 2. Cysteine-tellurite agar (black to tellurite reduction)
41
Most common bacterial causes of otitis media and sinusitis:
1. Streptococcus pneumoniae (50%) 2. Haemophilus influenzae (20%) 3. Moraxella catarrhalis (10%)
42
Streptococcus pneumoniae is sensitive to what antibiotic on an agar
optochin
43
Corynebacterium Gram: ____ Shape: ______
Gram: positive Shape: pleomorphic bacilli, "palisades" or "V" shape
44
What two cultures are associated with a definitive diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis
1. Bordet-Gengou agar | 2. Regan-Lowe Agar
45
How long is the incubation phase of Pertussis
7-10 days
46
After localized damage of the exotoxin of diphtheria (causing pseudomembrane, bull neck, and gross stuff) what other crazy thing can happen
systemic toxicity myocarditis demyelination
47
Streptococcus pneumoniae Gram: ____ Shape: ______
Gram: positive shape: diplococci**********

Micro Exam 2 (Shelby) (9 decks)

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