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Micro Exam 2 (Shelby) > Tetanus and Botulism > Flashcards

Tetanus and Botulism Flashcards

1
Q

What form does the Amoeboid trophozoite of Naegleria fowleri arise from?

A

Flagellate trophozoites

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2
Q

What form does Naegleria fowleri take in VERY HARSH conditions

A

cyst

single nucleate

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3
Q

c. tetani or c. botulinum?

no fever

A

c. botulinum

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4
Q

Considered the most deadly substance ever

A

botulinum toxin type H

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5
Q

c. tetani or c. botulinum?

more neurotoxic

A

c. botulinum

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6
Q

c. tetani or c. botulinum?

toxin observed in fecal sample

A

c. botulinum

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7
Q

Which meningitis causing bacterium is an OBLIGATE ANAEROBE

A

clostridium species

c. tetani and c. botulinum

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8
Q

What form does Naegleria fowleri take when it needs to eat, have sex, and destroy things aka fuck shit up

A

Amoeboid trophozoites

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9
Q

What form does Naegleria fowleri take when there is a change in environment and it needs to get the hell outta there

A

Flagellate Trophozoite

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10
Q

Clearing zones on e. coli covered agar plates

A

Naegleria fowleri

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11
Q

c. tetani or c. botulinum?

subterminal spores

A

c. botulinum

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12
Q

c. tetani or c. botulinum?

lockjaw and trismus

A

c. tetani

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13
Q

c. tetani or c. botulinum?

food borne, honey in infants

A

c. botulinum

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14
Q

Toxoplasma gondii transmission

A

food borne****

zoonotic, congenital

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15
Q

What is the host for Toxoplasma gondii sexual stage

A

kitty kitty

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16
Q

c. tetani or c. botulinum?

risus sardonicus

A

c. tetani

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17
Q

c. tetani or c. botulinum?

fever

A

c. tetani

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18
Q

What is the infective stage of Naegleria fowleri

A

Flagellate trophozoites

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19
Q

c. tetani or c. botulinum?

toxin on chromosome – every bacteria will have toxins

A

c. botulinum

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20
Q

Can you get meningitis from drinking Naegleria fowleri in tap water?

A

no. destroyed in gastric juices

21
Q

cryptococcus neoformans transmission

A

inhaled for bird shit

NOT COMMUNICABLE

22
Q

c. tetani or c. botulinum?

toxin absorbed by local nerve endings, travels through blood and lymph

A

c. tetani

23
Q

How can we test for Toxoplasma gondii in preggos

A

PCR can detect parasite DNA in amniotic fluid

24
Q

Where is clostridium found?

A

normal intestinal flora
soil

basically everywhere

25
Q

Diphenol oxidase

forms melanin from phenol containing substrates

A

cryptococcus neoformans

26
Q

Naegleria fowleri infection results in:

A

primary acute meningoencephalitis (PAM)

they die super quick

27
Q

The only fungus that can cause meningitis

A

cryptococcus neoformans

28
Q

Bird seed agar

A

cryptococcus neoformans

29
Q

Negative India ink stain on a budding yeast

A

cryptococcus neoformans

******

30
Q

possible cause of SIDS

A

infant botulism

31
Q

Toxoplasma gondii can cause severe complications in what kind of people

A

immunocompromised

newly infected preggos

32
Q

Parasite causing meningitis

A

Toxoplasma gondii

33
Q

approximately 70% of the cases of botulism infections occur in infants… why

A

no established gut flora

34
Q

Protozoan that can lead to meningitis

A

Naegleria fowleri

35
Q

How does Naegleria fowleri get to the brain

A

migrates along olfactory nerve to the brain (lobopodia)

unique sucker apparatus

36
Q

c. tetani or c. botulinum?

flaccid paralysis

A

c. botulinum

37
Q

How does cryptococcus neoformans get into the brain

A 
bird droppings --->
desiccated yeast cells --->
kicked up in the dirt and inhaled --->
infection --->
meningoencephalitis
38
Q

Where does yeast prefer to go in the body

A

CSF

39
Q

c. tetani or c. botulinum?

toxin production is plasmid mediated– not every bacteria will have toxins

A

c. tetani

40
Q

Which stage of Toxoplasma gondii is infective?

A

cysts stage

41
Q

c. tetani or c. botulinum?

unopposed muscle contraction and spasm

A

c. tetani

42
Q

clostridium
gram (+/-)
shape?

A

gram +

bacilli

43
Q

c. tetani or c. botulinum?

toxin prevents acetylcholine from being released

A

c. botulinum

44
Q

c. tetani or c. botulinum?

terminal spores with tennis racket appearance

A

c. tetani

45
Q

cryptococcus neoformans presentation

A

asymptomatic or mimics the flu

46
Q

Is cryptococcus neoformans a part of the normal flora?

A

no

47
Q

c. tetani or c. botulinum?

infection from trauma and entry of spores

A

c. tetani

48
Q

Where is Naegleria fowleri found?

A

soil and fresh water

lake havasu story

that place is stupid anyway, don’t go.

49
Q

What is the triad of symptoms suggesting CONGENITAL toxoplasmosis

A
  1. chorioretinitis
  2. hydrocephalus
  3. intracranial calcifications

Micro Exam 2 (Shelby) (9 decks)

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