Tetanus and Botulism

Question 1

What form does the Amoeboid trophozoite of Naegleria fowleri arise from?

Answer 1

Flagellate trophozoites

Question 2

What form does Naegleria fowleri take in VERY HARSH conditions

Answer 2

cyst

single nucleate

Question 3

c. tetani or c. botulinum?

no fever

Answer 3

c. botulinum

Question 4

Considered the most deadly substance ever

Answer 4

botulinum toxin type H

Question 5

c. tetani or c. botulinum?

more neurotoxic

Answer 5

c. botulinum

Question 6

c. tetani or c. botulinum?

toxin observed in fecal sample

Answer 6

c. botulinum

Question 7

Which meningitis causing bacterium is an OBLIGATE ANAEROBE

Answer 7

clostridium species

c. tetani and c. botulinum

Question 8

What form does Naegleria fowleri take when it needs to eat, have sex, and destroy things aka fuck shit up

Answer 8

Amoeboid trophozoites

Question 9

What form does Naegleria fowleri take when there is a change in environment and it needs to get the hell outta there

Answer 9

Flagellate Trophozoite

Question 10

Clearing zones on e. coli covered agar plates

Answer 10

Naegleria fowleri

Question 11

c. tetani or c. botulinum?

subterminal spores

Answer 11

c. botulinum

Question 12

c. tetani or c. botulinum?

lockjaw and trismus

Answer 12

c. tetani

Question 13

c. tetani or c. botulinum?

food borne, honey in infants

Answer 13

c. botulinum

Question 14

Toxoplasma gondii transmission

Answer 14

food borne****

zoonotic, congenital

Question 15

What is the host for Toxoplasma gondii sexual stage

Answer 15

kitty kitty

Question 16

c. tetani or c. botulinum?

risus sardonicus

Answer 16

c. tetani

Question 17

c. tetani or c. botulinum?

fever

Answer 17

c. tetani

Question 18

What is the infective stage of Naegleria fowleri

Answer 18

Flagellate trophozoites

Question 19

c. tetani or c. botulinum?

toxin on chromosome – every bacteria will have toxins

Answer 19

c. botulinum

Question 20

Can you get meningitis from drinking Naegleria fowleri in tap water?

Answer 20

no. destroyed in gastric juices

Question 21

cryptococcus neoformans transmission

Answer 21

inhaled for bird shit

NOT COMMUNICABLE

Question 22

c. tetani or c. botulinum?

toxin absorbed by local nerve endings, travels through blood and lymph

Answer 22

c. tetani

Question 23

How can we test for Toxoplasma gondii in preggos

Answer 23

PCR can detect parasite DNA in amniotic fluid

Question 24

Where is clostridium found?

Answer 24

normal intestinal flora
soil

basically everywhere

Question 25

Diphenol oxidase | forms melanin from phenol containing substrates

Answer 25

cryptococcus neoformans

Question 26

Naegleria fowleri infection results in:

Answer 26

primary acute meningoencephalitis (PAM) they die super quick

Question 27

The only fungus that can cause meningitis

Answer 27

cryptococcus neoformans

Question 28

Bird seed agar

Answer 28

cryptococcus neoformans

Question 29

Negative India ink stain on a budding yeast

Answer 29

cryptococcus neoformans | ******************************

Question 30

possible cause of SIDS

Answer 30

infant botulism

Question 31

Toxoplasma gondii can cause severe complications in what kind of people

Answer 31

immunocompromised | newly infected preggos

Question 32

Parasite causing meningitis

Answer 32

Toxoplasma gondii

Question 33

approximately 70% of the cases of botulism infections occur in infants... why

Answer 33

no established gut flora

Question 34

Protozoan that can lead to meningitis

Answer 34

Naegleria fowleri

Question 35

How does Naegleria fowleri get to the brain

Answer 35

migrates along olfactory nerve to the brain (lobopodia) | unique sucker apparatus

Question 36

c. tetani or c. botulinum? flaccid paralysis

Answer 36

c. botulinum

Question 37

How does cryptococcus neoformans get into the brain

Answer 37

``` bird droppings ---> desiccated yeast cells ---> kicked up in the dirt and inhaled ---> infection ---> meningoencephalitis ```

Question 38

Where does yeast prefer to go in the body

Answer 38

CSF

Question 39

c. tetani or c. botulinum? toxin production is plasmid mediated-- not every bacteria will have toxins

Answer 39

c. tetani

Question 40

Which stage of Toxoplasma gondii is infective?

Answer 40

cysts stage

Question 41

c. tetani or c. botulinum? unopposed muscle contraction and spasm

Answer 41

c. tetani

Question 42

clostridium gram (+/-) shape?

Answer 42

gram + | bacilli

Question 43

c. tetani or c. botulinum? toxin prevents acetylcholine from being released

Answer 43

c. botulinum

Question 44

c. tetani or c. botulinum? terminal spores with tennis racket appearance

Answer 44

c. tetani

Question 45

cryptococcus neoformans presentation

Answer 45

asymptomatic or mimics the flu

Question 46

Is cryptococcus neoformans a part of the normal flora?

Answer 46

no

Question 47

c. tetani or c. botulinum? infection from trauma and entry of spores

Answer 47

c. tetani

Question 48

Where is Naegleria fowleri found?

Answer 48

soil and fresh water lake havasu story that place is stupid anyway, don't go.

Question 49

What is the triad of symptoms suggesting CONGENITAL toxoplasmosis

Answer 49

1. chorioretinitis 2. hydrocephalus 3. intracranial calcifications