Bacterial Pathogens of Resp tract

Question 1

morphology mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer 1

no cell wall (no gram stain)

coccoid

obligate aerobe

produces P1 adhesion

Question 2

morphology mycoacterium tuberculosis

Answer 2

acid fast rods (gram postive)

wall containign mycolic acids and lipoarabinomannan

Question 3

DT also a carrier for conjugate vaccines _____ (mechanism)

Answer 3

Hib-CRM 197 point mutation in DT that inactivates toxin

Question 4

diseases associated with cornebacterium diphtheriae

Answer 4

non-toxin strains - localized infection > pseudo membrane

toxin producing strains cause systemic disease

Question 4

presentation Legionnaires vs Pontiac

(associations, treatment, seasonality)

Answer 4

legionaires with underlying pulmonary disease

legionnaires requires antibiotics, higher mortality

legionaires in late summer or autmn (endemic throughout year) (pontiac has no seasonality)

Question 5

morphology stetococus pyogenes (group a strep)

Answer 5

Group A lancefield

Gram pos cocci chains

catalase neg

betahemolytic

M proteins

hyaluronic acid capsule

Question 5

morphology strep pneumoniae

Answer 5

no lancefield designation

Gram pos

cocci (often diplococci)

alpha hemolytic (partial lyse, green colonies)

Question 5

alpha hemolytic, causes green stain on agar

Answer 5

streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 5

mechanism of disease H influenzae

OMPs HMW1+2

LOS

process-

Answer 5

OMPs HMW1+2 outer membrane proteins bind

LOS has endotoxin activity

invade submucosa > localized inflammatory response

Question 6

mechanism of disease Staph aureus

LTA

Coagulase

hyaluronidase

Lipases and nucleasesctin

Protein

Answer 6

normal component of nasopharyngeal flora

LTA binds epithelial fibrone** A **binds FcR - inhibit Ab clearnance

Coagulase converts fibrinogen to fibrin

hyaluronidase promotes spread

Lipases and nucleasesctin

Protein

Question 8

associated diseases Bordetella pertussis

Answer 8

whooping cough

Question 8

RT diseases of staphylococcus aureus

Answer 8

**pneumonia **- young + elderly w/pulmonary disease

(acquired from aspiration of oral secretion or hematongenous spread from distant infection site)

Question 9

scarlet fever in s. pyogenes due to

Answer 9

pyrogenic enxotoxins (super antigens)

(not bacterial dissemination)

Question 10

diseases of mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 10

TB (various manifestations)

Question 11

diseases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer 11

tracheobronchitis

atypical pneumonia

Question 12

diseases of legionella penumophila

Answer 12

legionnaire’s - pneumonia like symptoms

pontiac fever - flu like

Question 13

H influenzae morphology

Answer 13

small gram negative rods

require heme and NAD for growth

polysaccharide capsule

use pili and OMPs to bind epeithelial

Question 14

staph aureas morphology

Answer 14

gram pos cocci

clusters

catalase pos

polysaccharide capsule with surface protein A

Question 14

morphology pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 14

gram negative rod

single polar flagella

oxidase positive

form biolfilms

opportunistic

Question 16

vaccine for c. diphtheria

Answer 16

formalin inactivated diptheria toxin

Question 16

diseases of pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 16

lung infections of cystic fibrosis patients

others

Question 18

morphology corynebacterium diptheriae

Answer 18

gram positive

pallisades

Question 19

diseases of streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 19

lobar pneumonia

sinusitis

otitis media

Question 19

mechanisms of disease Strep pneumonia

Answer 19

**surface proteins **bind epithelial

**secretory IgA proteae **disrupt IgA-mediated clearance

**Pneumolysin - **activates alternative complement path (alpha hemolytic) also supressives oxidative burst and destroys ciliated epithelial cells

Question 19

morphology Legionella pneumophila

Answer 19

gram negative rod opportunistic single polar flagellla

Question 21

mechanism of disease bordetella pertussis

Answer 21

bind ciliary epithelium \> \>PTc alters andenylate cyclase activity \> \> ADP ribosylates Gia \> elevate cAMP \> \> increased secretion and mucus production \> other factors damage mucocilliary elevator

Question 23

diseases streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 23

Pharyngitis scarlet fever - strep pharyngitis + erhythematous punctiform rash

Question 24

vaccine to H influenze

Answer 24

type B for polysaccharide capsule

Question 26

mechanism of disease S pyogenes

Answer 26

surface proteins **M, F, LTA **adhere in pharynx **Streptolysin O and S** lyse leukocytes, platelets and erythrocytes (beta hemolytic) **pyrogenic exotoxins **mediate pyrogenicity (scarlet fever super ag)

Question 27

mechanism of disease M pneumoniae

Answer 27

P1 adhesion to upper airway accumulation of toxic metaboites + lipid oxidation destroys cilia \> inhibiting clearence inflammatory response

Question 29

mechanism of disease N. meningitidis

Answer 29

**capsule** - prevent pahgocytosis + complement fixation **Type IV pili** - colonization of nasopharynx **Endotoxin** - most clinical symp **LOS** - endotoxin

Question 29

mechanism of disease P aeruginosa

Answer 29

opportunistic biofilms procyanin/pychelin induce ROI release Exotoxins ExoA,U,Y,S destroy host tissues proteases, elastase, DNAase Lipase

Question 31

diseases of h influenzae

Answer 31

pneumonia sinusitis otitis epiglottis non-encapsulated strains limited to URIs (lower more common in kids or underlying condition)

Question 32

synthesized by corynebacterium diptheriae

Answer 32

diptheria toxin DTx AD{ ribosylates EF-2 (inhibits protein synth) pili

Question 34

stages of whooping cough (bordetella pertussis)

Answer 34

catrrhal paroxysmal convalescence (few organisms in tract)

Question 35

synthesized by bordetella pertussis

Answer 35

**pertussis toxin PTx** adhesions including FHA pertactin pili

Question 36

diseases associated with neisseria meningitidis

Answer 36

phayngitis pneumonia progression to meningitis

Question 37

incubation period legionnaires pontiac fever

Answer 37

legionnaires = 2-10days pontiac - 1-2 days

Question 39

streptococcus pyogenes ____ = completely lyses RBCs underlying colony

Answer 39

beta hemolytic

Question 40

asymptomatic carriers of bordetella pertusis

Answer 40

adults (then transfer to young)

Question 41

vaccines for strep pneumoiae

Answer 41

adults+2yo children - 23 capsular polysaccaride vaccine children \< 2 - 13valent conjugated vaccine

Question 42

N meningtidis vaccine

Answer 42

polysaccaride capsule against sialic acid in sero group B (protein based) Polyvalent against serogroups A C Y and W135 **MCV4 conjugate vaccine** - 55 - 2yo **MPSV4 capsule vaccine** - 55 and older

Question 43

mechanism of disease L pneumophila

Answer 43

survives inside alveoli kills infected host cell via phosphatase, lipase, nucleases

Question 44

mechanism of disease c dihtheriae

Answer 44

pili adherence to resp epithelium replicate at surface of epithelium invasion \> toxigenesis (if toxin strain) \> \> systemic disease (if toxin strain)

Question 45

morphology Bordetella pertusis

Answer 45

Gram neg coccobacillis strict aerobe

Question 46

morphology neisseria meningitidis location

Answer 46

gram neg diplocci oxidase pos polysaccharide capsule pili (nasopharynx of healthy indiv.)

Question 47

mechanism of disease M tuberculosis

Answer 47

latency in granulomas symptoms due to host response long chain fatty acids (mycolic acids, liparabinomanan) protects cord factor inhibits PMNs