bacteriaphage

Question 1

viruses that infect bacteria

Answer 1

bacteriophages

Question 2

simple bacteriophage

Answer 2

capsid + DNA or RNA

Question 3

some viruses have a lipid coat

Answer 3

envelope

Question 4

phages adsorb to specific receptors on the

Answer 4

bacterial cell surface

Question 5

binding of bacteriophage to outer membrane is

Answer 5

irreversible

Question 6

1 bacteriophage is made up of

Answer 6

multiple phage proteins

Question 7

early mRNA is synthesized from

Answer 7

1-12 after infection

Question 8

late mRNAs are synthesized from

Answer 8

8-35 after infection

Question 9

phage T7 Genome early mRNA has what type of terminator

Answer 9

both factor dependent or independent

Question 10

E. coli “Host” RNA polymerase recognizes the ___________ and transcribes the early mRNA but it does not recognize the _____________

Answer 10

E. coli “Host” RNA polymerase recognizes the Early promoter and transcribes the early mRNA but it does not recognize the Late promoters

Question 11

T7 gene 1 encodes

Answer 11

GP1

Question 12

a phage encoded RNA polymerase specific for the late T7 late promoters

Answer 12

GP1

Question 13

prevents all subsequent host RNA transcription as well as phage T7 early RNA trnscription

Answer 13

action of Gp2

Question 14

T7 gene 2 product

Answer 14

GP2

Question 15

binds to host RNA polymerase holoenzyme and totally inhibits transcription initiation activity

Answer 15

GP2

Question 16

virulent phages always undergo the ____ growth program

Answer 16

lytic phages

Question 17

can undergo lytic and lysogenic growth programs

Answer 17

Temperate phages i

Question 18

is a Temperate phage

Answer 18

bacteriophage lambda

Question 19

transcriptional Anti-terminator (2)

Answer 19

N and Q

Question 20

early anti terminator

Answer 20

N

Question 21

late anti-terminator

Answer 21

Q

Question 22

represor of lytic growth

Answer 22

Cl

Question 23

repression of lytic growth

Answer 23

lysogeny

Question 24

CII is a

Answer 24

binding protein

Question 25

once CII has had time to accumulate it will activate

Answer 25

cI

Question 26

site specific

Answer 26

integration

Question 27

lambda integration is between

Answer 27

gal and bio

Question 28

cI shuts off

Answer 28

PL and PR

Question 29

once cI binds to the PR a second promoter forms called

Answer 29

PRM

Question 30

positive transcriptional of its own synthesis

Answer 30

cI

Question 31

typically, the only protein expressed from a prophage is the

Answer 31

repressor

Question 32

immune to any other lambda phage infection

Answer 32

lambda lysogen

Question 33

lytic growth or lysogeny?

Answer 33

depends on the nutriotional status of the cell

Question 34

rich nutrient medium> high levels of protease > cII is degraded > No repressor made> Q protein accumulates

Answer 34

Lysis

Question 35

all of cII is degraded and no repressor is made

Answer 35

lysis

Question 36

poor nutrient medium > low levels of protease > cII accumulates and activates cI repressor synthesis

Answer 36

lysogeny

Question 37

enoguh cII is spared to activate transcription resulting in high levels of cI repression

Answer 37

lysogeny

Question 38

can prophages escape from the lysogenic state?

Answer 38

Yes

Question 39

escaping the lysogenic state

Answer 39

induction

Question 40

phage induction is elicited by _____ through the __________

Answer 40

phage induction is elicited by DNA damage through the SOS response

Question 41

are not expressed in general beucase they are repressed by the LexA protein

Answer 41

SOS- DNA repair

Question 42

After interaction with activated _______ protein, the Lex A represor ____, allowing the SIS DNA repair genes to be expressed

Answer 42

After interaction with activated Rec A protein, the Lex A represor self-destruct, allowing the SIS DNA repair genes to be expressed

Question 43

How does the SIS response affect a prophage?

Answer 43

DNA damage activates RecA protein leading to activated RecA protein triggers phage repressors to self-destruct

Question 44

Similar to the Lex A repressor, phage repressor are triggered undergo _____________ after interaction with activated host RecA protein

Answer 44

autoproteolysis

Question 45

loss of phage repressor leads to initiation of prophage from the _______ and subsequent lytic growth

Answer 45

bacterial chromosome

Question 46

host chromosomes regions on either side of the prophage integration site can be mistakenly excised and packaged in a phage particle and subsequently delivered to a new bacterium

Answer 46

misexcision

Question 47

who can do specialized transduction

Answer 47

only temperate phages

Question 48

transfer of host bacterial chromosomal DNA limited to the ________ regions of a prophage integration site was ________ and packaged in phage particles and delivered to another bacterium

Answer 48

transfer of host bacterial chromosomal DNA limited to the flanking regions of a prophage integration site was misexcised and packaged in phage particles and delivered to another bacterium

Question 49

transfers phage genes and specific bacterial genes adjacent to the prophage

Answer 49

specialized transduction

Question 50

is the acquisition of a new property (phenotype) by a host bacterium due to establishment of lysogeny by a temperate phage

Answer 50

lysogenic conversion

Question 51

shiga-like toxin

Answer 51

E.coli and lambda phage

Question 52

phage resistance mechanisms [3]

Answer 52

1. alter phage receptor 2. restriction modification systems 3. crispr systems

Question 53

each spacer matches a

Answer 53

phage DNA sequence

Question 54

Guide RNA with an endonuclease will

Answer 54

cleave if there is a match between the strands