Review

Question 1

enveloped viruses

Answer 1

Myxovirus and retrovirus

Question 2

detergent dissolves membrane

Answer 2

enveloped

Question 3

proteins are made with a purified virus genome from virus

Answer 3

Picornovirus and retrovirus

Question 4

nucleic acid polymers made from gently broking open virions

Answer 4

myxovirus and retrovirus

Question 5

Genome virus infectious

Answer 5

picornovirus and papillomavirus

Question 6

infectious Genome

Answer 6

host cells know what to do with the genome because it is recognizable

Question 7

can cause cancer

Answer 7

papillomavirus and retrovirus

Question 8

+ RNA

Answer 8

picornovirus and retrovirus

Question 9

I ORF—> one polypeptide—–> protease active and cleaves to make multiple different protein

Answer 9

picornovirus

Question 10

• RNA

Answer 10

myxovirus

Question 11

8 segments genome

Answer 11

Myxovirus

Question 12

HA and NA (antigens)

Answer 12

myxovirus

Question 13

new flu shot?

Answer 13

blame it on antigenic drift and shift

Question 14

random rise of a mutation leading to a change in the antigen of the virus

Answer 14

antigenic drift

Question 15

rapid change of a virus because there is a shuffle of the different segments

Answer 15

antigenic shift

Question 16

dsDNA

Answer 16

papilloma

Question 17

chromatin DNA using cellular histones

Answer 17

papilloma

Question 18

rare integration

Answer 18

HPV 16/18; E6 and E7 is integrating into the genome but E2 is not.

Question 19

integration leads to identical end sequences

Answer 19

retrovirus integration

Question 20

gag, pol, env

Answer 20

viral products

Question 21

first retrovirus mechanism

Answer 21

random integration of the retrovirus upstream of a oncognen

Question 22

second retrovirus mechanism

Answer 22

retrovirus carries the oncogene within and when integrating, the oncogene is present and cancer can occur more readily

Question 23

Phage T7 early genes are transcribed by

Answer 23

host machinary

Question 24

Phage T7 late genes are transcribed by the

Answer 24

early genes made by the host machinery

Question 25

rich nutrient

Answer 25

lytic

Question 26

poor nutrient

Answer 26

lysogenic

Question 27

High levels of CI repressor made

Answer 27

lysogeny

Question 28

no repressor made

Answer 28

lysis

Question 29

DNA damage results in _________ of prophages

Answer 29

induction

Question 30

most common agent of motility.

Answer 30

flagellum

Question 31

allows bacteria to penetrate mucous layer.

Answer 31

motility

Question 32

movement towards food or away from poisons. Specific receptors on bacterial cell surface direct motility.

Answer 32

chemotaxis

Question 33

two-component regulatory system

Answer 33

sensor histidine kinase senses and autophosphorylates transferring its phosphate and a response regulator is usually a transcription factor and in some cases it provides the activation of the flagellum

Question 34

Loose network of polymers surrounding cell

Answer 34

capsules

Question 35

Mannuronate-guluronate co-polymer

Answer 35

alginate capsule of Pseudomonas

Question 36

role of capsule [3]

Answer 36

1. resists drying 2. promotes adherence 3. protects against phagocytosis

Question 37

a polysaccharide excreted by P. aeruginosa

Answer 37

alginate

Question 38

Bacteria that produce large amounts of alginate are said to be

Answer 38

“mucoid”

Question 39

AlgU is normally held in an inactive state by interaction with

Answer 39

MucA

Question 40

When cells sense cell wall stress, MucA is

Answer 40

degraded by a protease

Question 41

what happens if MucA is degraded?

Answer 41

AlgU is freed and able to activate the formation of alginate

Question 42

What is a common feature in the lungs of CF patients?

Answer 42

inactivation of Muc A leading to high levels of alginate produced

Question 43

biofil formation

Answer 43

1. attachment- reversible 2. stable binding growth- irreversible 3. capsule synthesis 4. budding 5. release