Pseudomonas infections

Question 1

gram negative, highly motile, rod-shaped bacterium

Answer 1

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 2

P. aerugionosa, adheres tightly to

Answer 2

lung epithelium

Question 3

P. aerugionosa, produces

Answer 3

extracellular polysaccharide (mucoidy)

Question 4

P. aerugionosa, is the primary cause of death in

Answer 4

CF patients

Question 5

enlargement of the airway space due to continuous damage

Answer 5

Bronchiectasis

Question 6

Gram negative envelope contains in the periplasmic space [3]

Answer 6

1. hydrolytic enzymes
2. chemoreceptors
3. Transport proteins

Question 7

a phospholipid inner leaflet provides a

Answer 7

barrier to hydrophilic compounds

Question 8

LPS in outer leaflet [2]

Answer 8

1. negative charged surface

2. resistant to detergents and other hydrophobic molecules

Question 9

allow entry of small nutrient molecules through outer membrane

Answer 9

Pores

Question 10

Pores in outer membrane allow ____________ but not _____________ to enter the periplasm

Answer 10

Pores in outer membrane allow small (,700 MW) hydrophilic compounds to but not larger molecules like antibiotics to enter the periplasm

Question 11

known as an endotoxin or O-Ag is a very potent antigen

Answer 11

LPS

Question 12

LPS causes a strong innate immune response: ___________ and _________

Answer 12

cytokine production and septic schock

Question 13

LPS causes a strong adaptive immune response: _______

Answer 13

serotyping of strains

Question 14

found on microbial cell surfaces sand bind to sugars or proteins on the host cell surface

Answer 14

adhesins

Question 15

adhesins can be ____________; some bind only to a single type of epithelial cel in a single animal species

Answer 15

remarkable specific

Question 16

in some areas, including the human mouth, cell receptors and _____________ that bind them vary from one tiny area to another

Answer 16

adhesins

Question 17

potentially adhesive structures of bacteria [3]

Answer 17

1. Pili- fimbriae
2. flagella
3. capsules

Question 18

H7

Answer 18

flagellum

Question 19

O157

Answer 19

serotype

Question 20

most common agent of motility

Answer 20

flagellum

Question 21

allows bacteria to penetrate mucous layer

Answer 21

motility

Question 22

movement towards food or away from poisons. Specific receptors on bacterial cell surface direct motility

Answer 22

chemotaxis

Question 23

has a single, polar flagellum

Answer 23

P. aeruginosa

Question 24

can be polar or all over cell

Answer 24

peritrichous

Question 25

How does a bacterium know when and where | it should swim?

Answer 25

Bacterial chemotaxis and motility are controlled by signal-sensing,“two-component” regulatory systems

Question 26

loose network of polymers surrounding cell and be either polysaccharide or protein or both

Answer 26

capsules

Question 27

alginate of Pseudomonas

Answer 27

Mannuronate-guluronate co-polymer

Question 28

role of capsules [4]

Answer 28

1. resists drying 2. promote adherence 3. protects against phagocytosis 4. protects against some environmental stresses

Question 29

often capable of causing septicemia and meningitis

Answer 29

encapsulated bacteria

Question 30

a polysaccharide excreted by P.aeruginosa

Answer 30

alginate

Question 31

bacteria that produce large amounts of alginate are said to be

Answer 31

mucoid

Question 32

alginate coats the bacterial cells forming a

Answer 32

capsule-like structure

Question 33

protects P.aeruginosa against host defense sand antibiotics

Answer 33

alginate capsule

Question 34

sigma factor for toxin gene transcription

Answer 34

TcdR

Question 35

alginate production depends on _________ for transcription of alginate genes

Answer 35

AlgU

Question 36

AlgU

Answer 36

alternative sigma factor

Question 37

AlgU normally held in an inactive state by interaction with

Answer 37

MucA

Question 38

When cells sense cell wall stress, ______ is degraded by a protease in the periplasm

Answer 38

MucA

Question 39

When MucA is degraded, ____________ is freed and then can direct transcription of the alginate genes

Answer 39

AlgU

Question 40

The lungs of CF patients accumulate mutant strains of P. aeruginosa that produce a truncated

Answer 40

inactive MucA

Question 41

When the MucA is inactivated what happens to AlgU?

Answer 41

it is always active leading to high levels of alginate are produced= mucoidy

Question 42

Why aren’t antibiotics effective in eliminating P. aeruginosa? [3]

Answer 42

1. airway mucous is viscous 2. mucoidy 3. biofilm formation

Question 43

Pod of bacteria

Answer 43

biofilm

Question 44

Biofilm formation in nature, Step 1

Answer 44

attachment- Fla+ and Pil+

Question 45

Biofilm formation in nature, Step 2

Answer 45

stable binding growth- Fla- and Pil-

Question 46

Biofilm formation in nature, Step 3

Answer 46

capsule synthesis- Alg+

Question 47

Biofilm formation in nature, Step 4

Answer 47

readying for release- Fla+ and Pil+

Question 48

Biofilm formation in nature, Step 5

Answer 48

planktonic bacteria- Fla+ and Pil+

Question 49

over-production or under-production of alginate in CF?

Answer 49

over-production

Question 50

intercellular signaling occurs [2]

Answer 50

1. within a species or across species lines | 2. withing populations of dispersed cells or in communities of cells

Question 51

acylated homoserine lactones

Answer 51

gram-negatives

Question 52

peptides

Answer 52

gram-positive

Question 53

what happens in the absence of phosphorylated response regulator?

Answer 53

unstable recognition of promoter--> no transcription

Question 54

Bacteria have __________ and ____________ capabilities that enable them to coordinate growth, movement and biochemical activities. These capabilities affect growth in many environments as well as _____________

Answer 54

Bacteria have communication and decision-making capabilities that enable them to coordinate growth, movement and biochemical activities. These capabilities affect growth in many environments as well as pathogenesis

Question 55

Communication and coordination are _________ and not limited to a few specialized groups of bacteria.

Answer 55

Communication and coordination are widespread and not limited to a few specialized groups of bacteria.

Question 56

Bacterial populations derive adaptive benefits from ______________

Answer 56

multi-cellular cooperation.

Question 57

In the presence of ______________, binds of regulator to DNA just upstream of RNA polymerase and stabilizes RNA polymerase binding to the promoter.

Answer 57

In the presence of phosphorylated response regulator binds of regulator to DNA just upstream of RNA polymerase and stabilizes RNA polymerase binding to the promoter.

Question 58

bacteria sense if we have quorum to do something

Answer 58

quorum sensing

Question 59

acylated homoserine lactones and peptides are

Answer 59

quorum sensing

Question 60

histidine kinase

Answer 60

sensor receptor