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Microbiology 4 > Pseudomonas infections > Flashcards

Pseudomonas infections Flashcards

exam 4

1
Q

gram negative, highly motile, rod-shaped bacterium

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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2
Q

P. aerugionosa, adheres tightly to

A

lung epithelium

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3
Q

P. aerugionosa, produces

A

extracellular polysaccharide (mucoidy)

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4
Q

P. aerugionosa, is the primary cause of death in

A

CF patients

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5
Q

enlargement of the airway space due to continuous damage

A

Bronchiectasis

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6
Q

Gram negative envelope contains in the periplasmic space [3]

A
  1. hydrolytic enzymes
  2. chemoreceptors
  3. Transport proteins
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7
Q

a phospholipid inner leaflet provides a

A

barrier to hydrophilic compounds

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8
Q

LPS in outer leaflet [2]

A
  1. negative charged surface

2. resistant to detergents and other hydrophobic molecules

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9
Q

allow entry of small nutrient molecules through outer membrane

A

Pores

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10
Q

Pores in outer membrane allow ____________ but not _____________ to enter the periplasm

A

Pores in outer membrane allow small (,700 MW) hydrophilic compounds to but not larger molecules like antibiotics to enter the periplasm

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11
Q

known as an endotoxin or O-Ag is a very potent antigen

A

LPS

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12
Q

LPS causes a strong innate immune response: ___________ and _________

A

cytokine production and septic schock

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13
Q

LPS causes a strong adaptive immune response: _______

A

serotyping of strains

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14
Q

found on microbial cell surfaces sand bind to sugars or proteins on the host cell surface

A

adhesins

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15
Q

adhesins can be ____________; some bind only to a single type of epithelial cel in a single animal species

A

remarkable specific

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16
Q

in some areas, including the human mouth, cell receptors and _____________ that bind them vary from one tiny area to another

A

adhesins

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17
Q

potentially adhesive structures of bacteria [3]

A
  1. Pili- fimbriae
  2. flagella
  3. capsules
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18
Q

H7

A

flagellum

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19
Q

O157

A

serotype

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20
Q

most common agent of motility

A

flagellum

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21
Q

allows bacteria to penetrate mucous layer

A

motility

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22
Q

movement towards food or away from poisons. Specific receptors on bacterial cell surface direct motility

A

chemotaxis

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23
Q

has a single, polar flagellum

A

P. aeruginosa

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24
Q

can be polar or all over cell

A

peritrichous

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25
Q

How does a bacterium know when and where

it should swim?

A

Bacterial chemotaxis and motility are controlled
by signal-sensing,“two-component”
regulatory systems

26
Q

loose network of polymers surrounding cell and be either polysaccharide or protein or both

A

capsules

27
Q

alginate of Pseudomonas

A

Mannuronate-guluronate co-polymer

28
Q

role of capsules [4]

A
  1. resists drying
  2. promote adherence
  3. protects against phagocytosis
  4. protects against some environmental stresses
29
Q

often capable of causing septicemia and meningitis

A

encapsulated bacteria

30
Q

a polysaccharide excreted by P.aeruginosa

A

alginate

31
Q

bacteria that produce large amounts of alginate are said to be

A

mucoid

32
Q

alginate coats the bacterial cells forming a

A

capsule-like structure

33
Q

protects P.aeruginosa against host defense sand antibiotics

A

alginate capsule

34
Q

sigma factor for toxin gene transcription

A

TcdR

35
Q

alginate production depends on _________ for transcription of alginate genes

A

AlgU

36
Q

AlgU

A

alternative sigma factor

37
Q

AlgU normally held in an inactive state by interaction with

A

MucA

38
Q

When cells sense cell wall stress, ______ is degraded by a protease in the periplasm

A

MucA

39
Q

When MucA is degraded, ____________ is freed and then can direct transcription of the alginate genes

A

AlgU

40
Q

The lungs of CF patients accumulate mutant strains of P. aeruginosa that produce a truncated

A

inactive MucA

41
Q

When the MucA is inactivated what happens to AlgU?

A

it is always active leading to high levels of alginate are produced= mucoidy

42
Q

Why aren’t antibiotics effective in eliminating P. aeruginosa? [3]

A
  1. airway mucous is viscous
  2. mucoidy
  3. biofilm formation
43
Q

Pod of bacteria

A

biofilm

44
Q

Biofilm formation in nature,

Step 1

A

attachment- Fla+ and Pil+

45
Q

Biofilm formation in nature,

Step 2

A

stable binding growth- Fla- and Pil-

46
Q

Biofilm formation in nature,

Step 3

A

capsule synthesis- Alg+

47
Q

Biofilm formation in nature,

Step 4

A

readying for release- Fla+ and Pil+

48
Q

Biofilm formation in nature,

Step 5

A

planktonic bacteria- Fla+ and Pil+

49
Q

over-production or under-production of alginate in CF?

A

over-production

50
Q

intercellular signaling occurs [2]

A
  1. within a species or across species lines

2. withing populations of dispersed cells or in communities of cells

51
Q

acylated homoserine lactones

A

gram-negatives

52
Q

peptides

A

gram-positive

53
Q

what happens in the absence of phosphorylated response regulator?

A

unstable recognition of promoter–> no transcription

54
Q

Bacteria have __________ and ____________ capabilities that enable them to coordinate growth, movement and biochemical activities. These capabilities affect growth in many environments as well as _____________

A

Bacteria have communication and decision-making capabilities that enable them to coordinate growth, movement and biochemical activities. These capabilities affect growth in many environments as well as
pathogenesis

55
Q

Communication and coordination are _________ and not limited to a few specialized groups of bacteria.

A

Communication and coordination are widespread and not limited to a few specialized groups of bacteria.

56
Q

Bacterial populations derive adaptive benefits from ______________

A

multi-cellular cooperation.

57
Q

In the presence of ______________, binds of regulator to DNA just upstream of RNA polymerase and stabilizes RNA polymerase binding to the promoter.

A

In the presence of phosphorylated response regulator binds of regulator to DNA just upstream of RNA polymerase and stabilizes RNA polymerase binding to the promoter.

58
Q

bacteria sense if we have quorum to do something

A

quorum sensing

59
Q

acylated homoserine lactones and peptides are

A

quorum sensing

60
Q

histidine kinase

A

sensor receptor

Microbiology 4 (7 decks)

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