Bacteriology II Flashcards by Christine Hou

Coagulase positive

2. Toxic shock syndrome, scalded skin syndrome, anterior nares, wound infection, honey colored crusts

Staph aureus

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Coagulase negative, novobiocin sensitive

2. Biofilm

Staph epidermis

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Catalase positive, coagulase negative novobiocin resistant
UTI

Staph sapro

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Staph: clusters or line?

clusters

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Beta hemolytic, bacitracin sensitive,
Pharygitis, rheumatic/scarlet fever, pyogenic exotoxin, glumerulo nephritis
M protein associated with resistance to opsonophagocytosis

S. pyogenes

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Beta hemolytic, bacitracin resistant

2. Neonatal sepsis and meningitis

S. agalactiae

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Alpha hemolytic, optochin sensitive
Capsule, bile soluble
Meningitis, ENT symptoms

S. pneumo

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Alpha hemolytic, optochin resistant
No capsule, not bile soluble
Dental caries

S. mutans (viridans)

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Is Bacillus gram positive or negative and non-spore/spore forming?

positive spores

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Gamma hemolytic, boxcar shape
Three exotoxins: protective antigen, lethal factor, edema factor
Cutaneous (black, necrotic), GI, respiratory

B. anthracis

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Fried rice

B. cereus

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Cornynebacterium diptheria is gram +/- and nonspore/spore?

Positive, no spores

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Chinese letters
Gray-white placque like psuedomembrane
“bullneck appearance”
A-B toxin 
Tellurite medium 
ELEK test

Cornybacterium

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Lysteriolysin O forms pore in vacuole
Tumbling motility
Deli meat/cheese
Sepsis in stillbirth and meningitis

Listeria

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Fisherman’s cellulitis
Produces H2S (black precipitate seen)

E. Rhusiopathiae

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Small bowel malabsorption

Poor gram staining so PAS

T. Whipplei

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Sulfur granules

Abscesses connected by sinus tracts

Actinomyces

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Which class of bacteria is anaerobic, gram positive, spore forming?

clostridium

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Soups, stews, gravy

Clostridium perfringens

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Tennis racket appearance
Tetanus: blocks anterior horn cells
Muscle spasms paralysis
“lockjaw”

Clostridium tetani

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Flaccid paralysis
Honey, canned foods
Death due to airway obstruction

Clostridium botulism

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Hospital diarrhea due to destruction of normal intestinal flora
Toxin A→enterotoxin attacks brush border
Toxin B→Cytotoxin

C. diff

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Clostridium gas gangrene?

C. perfringens

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Gram negative diplococci?

Neisseria and moraxella

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``` Ferments maltose and glucose LOS Waterhouse-Fridericksen syndrome: hemorrhage of adrenal glands MAC (c5-c9) antibodies Vaccine available (but not for Type B) Petechial rash ```

Neisseria meningitis

Ferments glucose only Can cause arthritis Mother can pass to kid Chocolate agar

Neisseria gonorrhea

Non-fermenting Community acquired pneumo ENT symptoms and COPD

Moraxella

1. Facultative anaerobes 2. Ferments GLUCOSE 3. Reduces nitrate to nitrite 4. Oxidase negative

Gram negative bacilli

Which gram negative bacilli also ferment lactose using beta-falactosidase?

CEEK (Citrobacter,e.coli, enterbac, klebsiella)

Mimics salmonella but no diarrhea

Citro

Spot indole test Most common cause of UTI Neonatal meningitis Sialic acid

E. Coli

ETEC and EHEC difference

ETEC: traveler's diarrhea, heat labile, watery EHEC: bloody, hamburgers, O157:h7

DO NOT treat with Abx, causes lysis of E. Coli and release of Shiga toxin

EHEC

Motile with flagella | Involved in mixed infection

Enterbacter

Currant jelly sputum | Hospital acquired pneumo

Klebsiella

Gram negative bacilli that do not ferment lactose?

ShYPS: Shigella, Yersinia, Proteus, Salmonella

Nonmotile Fecal-oral Shiga toxin

Shigella

Motile | H2S production

Salmonella in general

Amphibians/reptiles Raw poultry, eggs Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease pts

Salmonella Typhirium

No animal reservoir Fecal oral (think poor sanitation areas) Typhoid Mary Rose spots (typhoid fever)

Salmonella Typhi

Safety pin appearance Rat flea vector Black death plague, bubonic plague Prairie dogs

Yersinia pestis

Puppy feces | Mimics appendicitis

Yersinia entercol

Swarming motility | Produces urease: causes UTI, kidney stones

Proteus

Cholera Rice water stools Tx: replace fluids Alkaline conditions, test with TCBS (alkaline medium) Because it’s basic, needs a lot to get pass stomach acid Undercooked seafood

Vibrio cholerae

Raw oysters | Cellulitis from seawater cuts

Vibrio vulnificus

``` Seagull appearance 42C Most common cause of diarrhea Undercooked poultry Guillain-barre syndrome ```

Campylo jejuni

Produces urease Gastritis, stomach ulcers MALT lymphoa and gastric carcinoma Silver stain

H. pylori

``` Fruity odor Blue-green pigment Otitis externa Hot tub folliculitis Diabetic osteomyelitis Burn/CF patients ```

Pseudomonas

``` Nonmotile Needs factor V (NAD) and X (hematin) Chocolate agar Meningitis/sepsis in kids < 2 yo Otitis media PRP capsule ```

H. influenzae

Needs X but not V factor STI chancroid (painful) Chocolate agar

H. ducreyi

Needs Bordet-Gengou agar but PCR better Whooping cough Binds to respiratory epithelium with adhesins

B. pertussis

``` Silver stain Charcoal yeast medium Pontiac fever : fever myalgia, no pneumo Amoeba reservoir A/C units ```

Legionella

Farm animals Reticuloendothelial system Caseating granumolas PM fever spikes

Brucella

Rabbits | Ticks

Francisella

Cat BITES | DO NOT suture

Pasteurella

Cat scratches Bacillary angiomatosis Trench fever during WWII

Bartonella

Lemierre’s disease (thrombosis of internal jugular vein) Anaerobic gram - bacilli

Fusobacterium

``` Sterols instead of cell wall Fried egg appearance Person to person transmission Cold agglutins Non-gram staining Anaerobic, gram - bacilli ```

M. pneumo

Produces urease STI Non-gram staining Anaerobic, gram - bacilli

Ureaplasma

``` Strains D-K, B, and BA Passes from mother to child (conjunctivitis) Trachoma PCR Non-gram staining Anaerobic, gram - bacilli ```

Chlamydia trachomatis

GIEMSA stain

Chlymadia

Bird contact Potentially affects heart/brain Non-gram staining Anaerobic, gram - bacilli

Chlymadia psittaci

Rashes and petechiae Vasculitis Non-gram staining Anaerobic, gram - bacilli

Ricketsii

``` Rocky Mountain spotted fever Ticks Palms of hand/soles of feet rash Rash starts at trunk→extremity Non-gram staining Anaerobic, gram - bacilli ```

Rickettsia eicketsii

Rat flea Endemic typhus Non-gram staining Anaerobic, gram - bacilli

Ricketssia typhi

Epidemic typhus. Think war Body louse vector Non-gram staining Anaerobic, gram - bacilli

Rickettsia prowazekki

``` No animal vector Aerosol spread Contact with livestock (the placenta is most dangerous!) Non-gram staining Anaerobic, gram - bacilli ```

Coxiella

``` Ticks No rash Infects monocytes and presents with leukocytopenia MORULA SEEN Think Midwest USA Non-gram staining Anaerobic, gram - bacilli ```

Erlichia

``` Ticks MORULA SEEN Infects granulocytes Think east and Midwest USA Non-gram staining Anaerobic, gram - bacilli ```

Anaplasma

Darkfield microscopy

Spirochetes

``` Syphilis Spirochete 1. Chancre (painless) 2. Rash of hands and feet 3. Neuro, cardiac Can also be congenital ```

T. Pallidum

``` Lyme disease Ixodes tick Can lead to cardiac complication, Bell’s palsy Doxycycline ELISA then western blot Spirochete ```

B. Burgdorferi

Louse/Tick GIEMSA stain Relapsing fever Spirochete

B. recurrentis

``` Living in water and associated with renal infections in animals Hawaii Water/animal urine Fletcher medium Spirochete ```

Leptospira

Mycolic acid?

found in acid fast bacteria, stains poorly

Tb Inhibits phagosome-lysosome fusion Primary Tb (Ghon complex)

Mycobacterium tb

Mostly in animals but can be in humans | Slaughterhouse/farmers

Mycobacterium bovis

Fish tank

Mycobacterium marinum

Leprosy Armadillos Prefers cool areas on body (face, extremities)

Mycobacterium leprae

Branching filaments

Nocardia

Acid fast bacteria class?

Mycobacterium+Nocardia

Watery diarrhea

ETEC | Vibrio cholera

Bloody diarrhea

EHEC Shigella Salmonella Campylo

Custards, mayo

S. aureus

Bacteriology II Flashcards

(84 cards)