First Aid Microbiology Flashcards by Christine Hou

mycoplasma unusual cell wall contains

sterols

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mycobacteria unusual cell wall contains

mycolic acid, high lipid content

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Which bugs do not stain well?

These Microbes May Lack Real Color
Treponema (too thin)
Mycobacteria (high lipid content)
Mycoplasma (no cell wall)
Legionella (silver stain(
Rickettsia
Chlymadia

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Giemsa stain?

Certain Bugs Really Try my Patience
Chlymadia
Borrelia
Rickettsiae
Trypanosomes
Plasmodium

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PAS stain?

PASs the Sugar
Stains glycogen
Whipple diesase

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Ziehl Neelson

Acid fast! Nocardia Mycobacterium

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India ink stain

Cryptococcus neoformans

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Silver stain

Fungi, H. Pylori, Legionella

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Media used for H. Influenza?

Chocolate with factors X and V

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Neisseria gonorrhea and meningitidis media?

thayer-martin (or VPN) stain. “Use VPN to connect to Neisseria”

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Bordet-Gengou (potato) agar used for?

B. pertussus (Bordet for Bordetella)

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EMB agar with green metallic sheen colonies?

E.Coli

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Lactose fermenting turns what color of MacConkey?

PINK

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Charcoal yeast extract

Legionella

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Fungi culture?

Sab’s a fun guy!

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Obligate aerobes bacteria?

Nagging Pests Must Breathe
Nocardia
P. aeruginosa (seen in wounds!)
MycoBacterium tuberculosis

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Obligate anaerobes bacteria?

Anaerobes Can’t Breathe Air
Clostridium
Bacteroides
Actinomyces

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Which antibiotics are not effective against anaerobes?

Aminoglycosides bc they need oxygen to enter bacterial cell wall

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Obligate anaerobes lack what?

superoxide dismutase and catalase

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Encapsulated bacteria? Capsules serve as antiphagocytic

SHiNE SKiS
Strep pneumo
H. influenza
Neisseria mening
E. Coli
Salmonella
Klebsiella
group b STREP

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Urease positive

CHuck norris hates PUNKSS
Cryptococcus
H.pylori
Proteus
Ureaplasma
Nocardia
Klebsiella
S. epidermis
S. sapro

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sulfur granules

actinomyces

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blue-green pigment

Psudeomonas aeruginosa

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Red?

serratia

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S. aureus protein A works how?

prevents opsonization/phagocytosis

M protein works how?

prevents phagocytosis. Expressed by group A strepp

bull neck

cornyebacterium

Mechanism of shiga toxin?

inactivates 60S ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA

cornyebacterium and pseudomonas mech?

inactivated EF2

Clostridium tetani and botulism mech?

cleaves SNARE proteins needed for neurotransmitter release

Clostridium tetani vs. botulism?

tetani: inhibitory, lockjaw botulism: stimulatory, flaccid paralysis

gas gangrene and hemolysis on blood agar "double zone" hemolysis

Clostridium perfringens

strep pyogenes toxin?

streptolysin O and exotoxin A

endotoxin symptoms

``` Edema NO DIC/Death Outer membrane TNF-alpha O-antigen eXremely heat stable IL-1 Neyutrophil chemotaxis ```

anterior nares

S. aureus

TSST01 and scalded skin

S. aureus

How does TSST work?

superantigen, binds to MHC II and T cell receptors, resulting in polyclonal T activation

Strep pneumo symptoms?

``` MOPS Meningitis Otitis media pneumo sinusitis ```

rheumatic fever caused by?

strep pyogenes

rheumatic fever criteria?

``` JONES Joints Carditis Nodules Erythema marginatum Sydenham chorea ```

pseudomembranous pharyngitis

grayish white membrane cornyebacterium diptheraie

diptheria toxin mech?

prevents protein synthesis ADP ribosylation of EF2

dipicolonic acid?

spores

C. diff has which 2 toxins?

toxin a and b

only bacterium with polypeptide capsule?

anthrax. contains D-glutamate

only gram positive organism that produces LPS?

listeria

"rocket tails" that help move into cell membrane, avoiding antibody

listeria

``` Differeces between actinomyces and nocardia... Acid fast? Found where? Symptoms? Treatment? ```

Actinomyces are not acid fast. Norcardia is. Actinomyces in normal oral flora. Nocardia in soil. Actinomyces sulfur granules. Nocardia is pulmonary infections Actinomyces treat with pen. Nocardia treat with sulfonamides

Ghon complex?

primary mycobacterium Tb

Leprosy cause?

mycobacterium leprae

Glove and stocking loss of sensation/

leprosy...likes cool temperatures

Armadillos

leprosy

waterhouse-frederichsen syndrome

Neisseria mening

H. Influenza causes what symptoms?

``` E-MOP E: epiglottisi *cherry red Meningitis Otitis media Pneumo ```

H. influenza culture?

chocolate with V and X "when child has flu, mom goes to five and dime store for chocolate"

otitis externa?

pseudomonas aeruginosa

biofilm CF patients?

pseudomonas

which form of e.coli does not ferment sorbitol?

EHEC

Klebsiella symptoms?

``` 4 A Aspiration pneumo Absess in lungs and liver Alcoholic diAbetics ``` Red currant jelly

rose spots on abdomen

typhoid fever...salmonella typhi

Guillain Barre syndrome

Campylo

Spirochete

BLT Borrelia (B is BIG) Leptospira Treponema

Lyme disease symptoms

``` FAKE a lyme pie Facial nerve palsy Arthritis Kardiac block Erythema migrans ```

Prostitute pupils

tertiary syphilis

cheap test for syphilis

VDRL

VDRL false positives caused by

Viruses Drugs Rheumatic fever Lupus/leprosy

Borrelia recurrentis trasmission?

louse

Puppies (2)

Yersinia entero and campylo

Parrots/birds

Chlamydophila psittaci

Q fever

Coxiella

Coxiella transmission

placenta of cattle/sheep

Rickettssia prowazekii transmission

louse

Rickettsia typhi transmission

fleas

Praire dogs

yersinia pestis and smallpox

Rickettsii treatment?

doxycycline

Palms and soles rash?

``` Use palms to drive CARS Cox A Rocky Mountain spotted fever (rickettsii ricke) Syphilis ```

Rash of R. prowazekii?

Trunk

Erlichio vs anaplasma?

Erlichio: monocytes with morula Anaplasma: granulocytes with morula Both have tick as vector

obligate intracellular organism that causes mucosal infections

Chlamydia

2 forms of chlymadia

1. elementary body: "enfectious and Enters cell via Endocytosis" 2. Reticulate bodies Replicate in cell by fission

Chylamydia treatment?

azithromycin

arthritis of one joint?

chylamdia

Chylamidaiaisdasd serotype A, B, and C?

Africa Blindness Chronic infection

Chlamydia type L1, L2, and L3?

Lymphogranuloma venereum: small, painless ulcers on genitals

cold agglutitins

Mycoplasma

Walking pneumo

Mycoplasma

Mycoplasma and penicillin?

won't work because mycoplasma doesn't have cell wall

Where do we find histoplasmosis (in what type of cells)?

macrophages

Granulomatous nodules and broad based budding

Blastomycosis

SW USA mycology

Coccidio

Dessiminate into bone and skin

Coccidio

Latin america, ship's wheel

Paracoccidio

hypo/hyperpigemented skin patches in hot, humid weather

Tinea versicolor (cutaneous mycoses)

Diabetic patient mycology

Mucor

frontal lobe abscess?

mucor. fungi proliferate with excess ketone/glucose, penetrates cribiform plate and enters brain

Banana shaped

toxoplasma gondii

trypanosome brucei diagnosis

blood smear

leishmania transmission

sandfly

Nematode route of infection

You'll get sick if you EAT these! EV, Ascaris, Toxocara Feet in the SANd Strongyloides, Ancyclostoma, Necator Lay LOW to avoid getting bitten Loa load, O. Volvulus, W. bancrofti

W. bancrofti transmission

female mosquito

Hydatid cysts, causes anaphylaxis

Echinococcous

Shistoma that leads to squamous cell carcinoma of bladder?

S. haemotobium

undercooked fish, pigmented gallstones, associated with cholangiocarcinoma

Portal HTN?

shistoma mansoni and japonicum

Live attenuated vaccines

smallpox, yellow fever, VZV, MMR, polio, influenza

Killed vax

Rabies, influenza, polio, Hep A

All DNA ds except

Parvoviridae

High fever followed by rash

Roseola (HHV-6)

segmented viruses

``` BOAR Bunyavirus Orthomyxoviruse (influenza) Arenavirus Rotavirus ```

Which hep have fecal-oral transmission?

E and A "vowels hit the bowels"

HIV gp120 does what

attachment to host CD4 t cell

HIV gp41 does what

fusion and entry

HIV binds what kind of receptor in early and late infection?

CCR5 in early and CXCR4 in late

spongiform encephalopathy?

prion accumulation

Bloody diarrhea

Campylo, E. histolytica, EHEC, Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia entercolitica

Hydrops fetalis (which ToRCHES?)

syphilis (and also parvovirus)

Chancroid

H. ducreyi

Water aerosols/water sources/water tank

Legionella

Asplenic

think SHiN S. pneumo H.influenza N. mening

chronic granulomatous disease

S. aureus (or any catalase +)

Facial nerve palsy

Lyme

Organ transplant patient

CMV

PAS+

Whipple

Traumatic open wound

Clostridium perfringens

First Aid Microbiology Flashcards

(124 cards)