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BASIC CHEM Flashcards

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1
Q

Is anything that occupies space and has weight and volume.

A

Matter

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2
Q

This state has a definite shape, mass and volume

A

Solid

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3
Q

This state has no definite shape but has volume

A

Liquid

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4
Q

This state has no definite shape or volume

A

Gas

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5
Q

These are unique substances that cant be broken down into smaller parts by either physical or chemical reactions.

A

Elements

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6
Q

These are the smallest particles or building blocks of elements

A

Atoms

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7
Q

Atom is a greek word meaning _________

A

Incapable of being divided

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8
Q

Equal to the number of protons that the atom contains.

A

Atomic number

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9
Q

Sum of the protons and neutrons contained in an atom’s nucleus. Total number of particles inside nucleus

A

Atomic mass number

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10
Q

Approximately equal to the mass of the element’s most abundant isotope.

A

Atomic weight

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11
Q

Atoms have the same number of protons and electrons but vary in the number of neutrons. Have same atomic number but different in atomic masses

A

Isotopes

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12
Q

This type of isotope tends to be unstable. It decomposes to a more stable isotope. Heavy isotopes of certain atoms.

A

Radioisotopes

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13
Q

This type of isotope is used to tag and trace biological molecules through the body. It is a process of spontaneous atomic decay. (CT scan, PET, etc.)

A

Radioactivity

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14
Q

This subatomic particle determines the atomic number. It is positively charged, 1mass unit.

A

Protons

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15
Q

Protons behave like?

A

Particles

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16
Q

This type of subatomic particle has no net charge. It determines the isotropicity.

A

Neutrons

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17
Q

This type of subatomic particle determines the bonding. It has negative charge and low mass unit.

A

Electrons

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18
Q

Electrons behave like?

A

Waves

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19
Q

Electron behave like waves because?

A

They are manifestations of light

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20
Q

This element has 65% of our body mass.

A

Oxygen

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21
Q

Oxygen is responsible for the production of what?

A

ATP

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22
Q

This element has 18.5% of our body mass. This is the primary element of organic molecules.

A

Carbon

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23
Q

It is the 2nd most abundant element in the body.

A

Carbon

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24
Q

This element has 9.5% of our body mass.

A

Hydrogen

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25
This element influences the pH or the acidity/basicity of the body fluid
Hydrogen
26
This element has 3.2% of our body mass.
Nitrogen
27
This element is a component of both proteins and nucleic acids
Nitrogen
28
This element has 1.5% of our body mass.
Calcium
29
This element is found in the salt of our cones and teeth
Calcium
30
This element has 1% of our body mass.
Phosphorus
31
This element is responsible for the formation of parts of high energy compounds.
Phosphorus
32
Potassium has______% of our body mass.
0.4%
33
This element is responsible for the conduction of nerve impulses and muscle contractions.
Potassium
34
This element has 0.3% of our body mass. A component of protein
Sulfur
35
Sodium has ____% of our body mass.
0.2%
36
This element is responsible for water balance and conduction of nerve impulses
Sodium
37
Chlorine has ____% of our body mass.
0.2%
38
This element is responsible for the regulation of fluid and electrolyte. A major component of gastric juices
Chlorine
39
Magnesium has ___% of our body mass. Important in different metabolic reactions
0.1%
40
Iodine has ____% of our body mass
0.1%
41
This element is responsible for the function of thyroid hormone
Iodine
42
Iron has ___% of our body mass
0.1%
43
This element os a component of the functional hemoglobin molecule or red blood cells
Iron
44
Water is composed of what?
2 hydrogen molecules and 1 oxygen.
45
Whatbare the 4 importance of water to our body?
1) stabilization of body temperature 2) protection 3) chemical reactions 4) transportation
46
What is the normal state in the pH scale?
7
47
Below 7 in the pH scale indicates what?
Acidic
48
Above 7 in the pH scale imdicates what
Basic, or alkalike
49
Acids are _____ proportional to pH
Inversely proportional
50
Bases are ______ proportional to pH
Directly proportional
51
These are formed at the neutralization of acids and bases.
Salts
52
This is important in muscle contractions and excitation of neutrons or nerves.
Salts
53
this is important in respiratory processes, digestive processes and all chemical reactions in ours body
gasses
54
these are carbon-containing compounds
organic compounds
55
in order to form a compound, these 3 must be present.
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
56
what are the 4 organic compounds/biomolecules?
1) carbohydrates 2) lipids 3) proteins 4) nucleic acid
57
this biomolecule is the most abundant in organisms. also responsible for producing energy.
carbohydrates
58
what are the chemical components of carbohydrates?
CHO 1:2:1 ratio carbon hydrogen oxygen
59
what is the building block of carbohydrates
glucose molecule
60
what are the 3 types of carbohydrates
1) monosaccharide 2) disaccharide 3) polysaccharide
61
examples of monosaccharides
fructose dextrose
62
this kind of biomolecule are fatty or waxy substances in our body.
lipids
63
what are the chemical components of lipids?
CHO carbon hydrogen oxygen
64
what are the building blocks of lipids?
fatty acids and glycerol
65
what are the 3 types of lipids?
1) simple lipids 2) compound lipids 3) steroids
66
examples of disaccharide
sucrose maltose lactose
67
examples of polysaccharide
starch cellulose chitin
68
simple lipids are also known as
triglycerides
69
what are the 2 types of simple lipids
saturated and unsaturated fats
70
2 types of compound lipids
glycolipids phospholipids
71
what are the 2 types of steroids?
cholesterol sex hormones
72
this biomolecule is important in muscle repair
proteins
73
what are the chemical components of protein?
CHON carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen
74
what is the building blocks of proteins?
amino acids
75
what are the 3 types of proteins?
fibrous proteins globular proteins conjugated proteins
76
what are examples of fibrous proteins
collagen keratin muscle protein
77
examples of globular protein
hemoglobin enzymes
78
examples of conjugated proteins
nucleoprotein lipoprotein
79
this biomolecule is responsible for transferring genetic materials from parent to offspring
nucleic acid
80
what are the chemical components of nucleic acid
CHONP carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen phosphorus
81
the building blocks of nucleic acids
nucleotides
82
2 types of nucleic acids
DNA RNA

Anaphy_Lec (11 decks)

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