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Anaphy_Lec > CELLS AND TISSUES > Flashcards

CELLS AND TISSUES Flashcards

(95 cards)

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1
Q

the outermost layer of the cell.

A

plasma membrane

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2
Q

what are the 2 regions of phospholipids

A

head region
tail region

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3
Q

the region of phospholipid that is hydrophilic

A

head region

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4
Q

the region of phospholipid that is hydrophobic

A

tail region

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5
Q

this region has the phosphate and glycerol

A

head region

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6
Q

this region has the saturated and unsaturated fatty acid

A

tail region

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7
Q

what do you call this model that allows the membrane to be flexible in a way that they were able to move in a very fluid-like motion

A

fluid mosaic model

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8
Q

this organelle is typically round or oval structure near the center of the cell

A

nucleus

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9
Q

outer part of the nucleus that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

A

nuclear envelope

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10
Q

part of nucleus that regulates what goes in and out of the cell

A

nuclear pore

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11
Q

a structure in nucleus that is a thread-like structure that is responsible for containing the genetic material of the cell

A

chromatin

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12
Q

the structure in the nucleus where ribosomes and RNA is being produced

A

nucleolus

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13
Q

a gel like structure between the plasma membrane and nucleus

A

cytoplasm

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14
Q

is a finger like projection in the cell/plasma membrane

A

microvilli

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15
Q

this organelle is responsible for increasing the surface area of the cell

A

microvilli

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16
Q

these organelles are dense particles that is responsible for producing proteins

A

ribosomes

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17
Q

this organelle is responsible for transportation of proteins

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

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18
Q

this organelle has no protein production function. it produces steroids and lipids instead

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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19
Q

the only site for drug detoxification

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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20
Q

this organelle is responsible for packaging of proteins

A

golgi apparatus

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21
Q

where majority of cellular respiration or production of ATP occurs

A

mitochondrion

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22
Q

also known as the suicide sac of the cell.

A

lysosome

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23
Q

lysosome releases an enzyme that enables foreign substances to disintegrate. what is the enzyme?

A

hydrolase

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24
Q

this organelle is relatively smaller compared to lysosome that releases oxidase.

A

peroxisome

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25
what does peroxisome releases?
oxidase
26
this organelle is cylindrical shaped structures which direct the mitotic spindle during cellular division
centrioles
27
this is a structure that helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization
cytoskeleton
28
what are the 3 filaments of cytoskeleton
microfilament microtubule intermediate filaments
29
this filament is composed of actin proteins which are located in the muscles and responsible for contraction and other types of intracellular movement
microfilament
30
this filament is cylindrical structure made up of tubulin proteins.
microtubule
31
what does tubulin provides
structure of the cell (cell shape)
32
this filament are combinations of different types of protein and are responsible for resisting mechanical stress of the cell
intermediate filaments
33
the cylindrical process of growth and mitosis
cell division
34
what are the 2 types of cell
somatic cell sex cells
35
these cells are all types of cells in our body except for sex cells
somatic cells
36
how many copies of genes and copies of chromosome does humans have?
2 each, it is diploid in humans
37
this cells are gametes. sperm cell for male and egg cell for female
sex cells
38
sex cells are diploid or haploid?
haploid
39
this type of cell division is good for basic growth, repair and maintenance
mitosis
40
a cell division where it divides into 2 that are replicas of each other and have the same number of chromosomes.
mitosis
41
a cell division where it divided into 4 cells that have half the number of chromosomes reducing the number of chromosomes by half.
meiosis
42
this type of cell division is good for sexual reproduction and provide genetic diversity.
meiosis
43
this cell division is considered as a preparatory stage of cell cycle.
interphase
44
longest stage in cell cycle.
interphase
45
substage of interphase which is also known as the pre-synthesis phase
G1 period
46
G1 period occurs for how many hours
10 hours
47
substage of interphase which is also known as synthesis phase
S period
48
most crucial part of cell division
S period
49
S phase occurs for how many hours
9 hours
50
substage of interphase which is also known as post synthesis interphase
G2 period
51
cellular division occurs for _____ day to complete, ___ hours for interphase, then the remaining hour is for mitosis and cytokinesis
whole day, 23 hours
52
this is how somatic or non reproductive cells divide
mitosis
53
what are the substages of mitosis
prophase metaphase anaphase telophase
54
2 substage of substage of interphase which is also known as prophase
early prophase late prophase (prometaphasse)
55
responsible for making sure that all other components of cells are intact.
checkpoints
56
what are the 4 checkpoints
G1/S Intra S G2/M Spindle assembly
57
this tissue covers our body organs and lines the cavities
epithelial tissue
58
a type of epithelial tissue that is a single layer of cell only and is flattened
simple squamous
59
function of simple squamous
diffusion and filtration
60
a type of epithelial tissue that is cube or circular shaped.
simple cuboidal
61
function of simple cuboidal
secretion and absorption
62
a type of epithelial tissue that is vertically rectangular. it sometimes possesses microvilli. often have goblet cells
simple columnar
63
a type of epithelial cells that disperses the mucus and is attached to the basement layer. often have cilia and goblet cells
pseudostratified columnar
64
a type of epithelial tissue that has 2 or more layers
stratified squamous
65
a type of epithelial tissue that is cube shaped and elongated
transitional
66
a type of epithelial tissue that is composed of cells that are specialized to produce and secrete substances
glandular epithelium
67
3 types of glandular epithelium
merocrine apocrine holocrine
68
type of glandular epithelium that secretes substances only with intact cells. ex. salivary glands, pancreas and sweat glands
merocrine gland
69
type of glandular epithelium that secretes through pinching off the portion of the cell ex. mammary gland
apocrine gland
70
a type of glandular epithelium that detaches from the gland and disintegrating cell and its contents ex. sebaceous glands
holocrine gland
71
it is the most abundant tissue type
connective tissue
72
this cell is a large, star shaped and produces fibers.
fibroblasts
73
also known as wondering cells. important in defense. phagocytic
macrophages
74
these cells releases heparin and histamine.
mast cells
75
3 specialized connective tissue
cartilage bone blood
76
this connective tissue are mainly fibroblasts and has fluid to gel like matrix. has collagenous and elastic fibers
loose connective tissue
77
this connective tissue cushions a specific body part and also serves as insolation. has adipocytes
adipose tissue
78
cell types in the adipose tissue
adipocytes
79
this connective tissue is composed of reticular fibers
reticular connective tissue
80
this connective tissue is abundant in elastic fibers. also has collagenous fibers and fibroblasts
elastic connective tissue
81
solid matrix
bone
82
rigid matrix and has poor blood supply
cartilage
83
3 types of cartilage
hyaline cartilage elastic cartilage fibrocartilage
84
this tissue has muscle fibers and is contractile
muscle tissue
85
3 types of muscle tissue
skeletal smooth cardiac
86
this is the neuron cell's life support center
cell body (soma)
87
part of neuron that receives messages from other cells
dendrite
88
part of neuron that serves as passageway from the cell body going to another neuron
axon
89
part of neuron that covers and protects axons and helps to speed up neuronal impulses
myelin sheath
90
part of neuron that is responsible in supporting nerve regeneration and facilitates phagocytosis during nerve damage
schwann's cells
91
part of neuron that shows a constriction in the myelin sheath that facilitate action potential
node of ranvier
92
part of neuron that send signals or connect to dendrites to another neuron. this is where messages comes from
axon terminals
93
supporting cells of neurons
neuroglial cells
94
this tissue is found in the brain and spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
nervous tissues
95
basic cells of the nervous tissue
neurons

Anaphy_Lec (11 decks)

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