INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

Question 1

5 functions of integumentary system

Answer 1

1) barrier
2) vitamin d synthesis
3) sensation
4) thermoregulation
5) secretion

Question 2

3 types of epidermal lipids

Answer 2

1) ceramide - 3
2) cholesterol - 1
3) free fatty acids - 1

Question 3

a cationic antimicrobial substance which are
an essential component of our innate
immunity

Answer 3

defensin

Question 4

Contributes to the antimicrobial activity of
the phagocytes of our skin.

Answer 4

defensin

Question 5

Pigment that produces the color of our skin
which is responsible for protecting the skin
from harmful UV rays.

Answer 5

melanin

Question 6

This 7 dehydrocholesterol will convert into
____________ when reacted with UV rays.

Answer 6

cholecalciferol

Question 7

Is known as Vitamin D3.

Answer 7

cholecalciferol

Question 8

the inactive
form of Vitamin D

Answer 8

Vitamin D3

Question 9

it has nerve endings like Ruffini’s endings, Pacinian corpuscles,
and Krause’s end bulbs.

Answer 9

Pressure Sensitive

Question 10

it has nerve endings like Meissner’s corpuscle, Merkel disks and
Root hair plexus.

Answer 10

Fine Touch

Question 11

it has nerve endings like Free nerve endings.

Answer 11

Temperature and Pain

Question 12

a function of integumentary system where skin sends signals to the brain (particularly in the hypothalamus) then the brain will send signals to the heart to cause systemic reaction.

Answer 12

thermoregulation

Question 13

High environmental temperature will lead to

Answer 13

increase in heart rate.

Question 14

Low environmental temperature will lead to

Answer 14

decrease in heart rate.

Question 15

this muscle is connected with
blood vessels. Once there is constriction,
the _________ is being pulled. This
results in goosebumps, trapping the warmth
inside our body.

Answer 15

Arrector pili muscle

Question 16

responsible for secreting sebum and fat. Also protects and
serves as a barrier.

Answer 16

Sebaceous Glands

Question 17

this gland is important in the role of
electrolyte and water homeostasis. Sweat
balances the electrolyte and water because
it contains salt.

Answer 17

Sweat Glands

Question 18

what are the 2 main layers in the integumentary system

Answer 18

1) epidermis
2) dermis

Question 19

This layer is above dermis or above true skin. Outermost layer of the skin.

Answer 19

epidermis

Question 20

the epidermis is composed of_________

Answer 20

Composed of stratified squamous
epithelium.

Question 21

is the epidermis avascular?

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

what is avascular?

Answer 22

without blood supply.

Question 23

cells that produce melanin

Answer 23

Melanocytes

Question 24

what are the 5 layers of epidermis

Answer 24

1) stratum corneum
2) stratum lucidum
3) stratum granulosum
4) stratum spinosum
5) stratum basale

Question 25

Known as the coroners area (depository of dead bodies).

Answer 25

stratum corneum

Question 26

this layer is made up of dead epithelial cells. Topmost portion or uppermost portion of the epithelium.

Answer 26

stratum corneum

Question 27

Lucid layer (cells are clear or transparent)

Answer 27

stratum lucidum

Question 28

in this layer, when looking at it microscopically, it appears to be granular.

Answer 28

stratum granulosum

Question 29

Contains many layers of cells with centrally located nuclei. Spiky in structure because of the dendritic cell located to it.

Answer 29

stratum spinosum

Question 30

Basement layer or base layer. Contains a single row of either cuboidal or columnar cells which are rapidly dividing.

Answer 30

stratum basale

Question 31

Active region of the cell wherein there is increase or faster rate of cellular division. (faster rate because of blood supply near to it).

Answer 31

stratum basale

Question 32

Known as true skin.

Answer 32

dermis

Question 33

structure that increases surface area where epidermal cells receive oxygen and nutrients. It is also responsible for our fingerprints.

Answer 33

Dermal papillae

Question 34

Also known as hypodermis or below true skin.

Answer 34

subcutaneous layer

Question 35

subcutaneous layer is composed of-

Answer 35

1) Loose connective tissue 2) Adipose tissue

Question 36

(major blood vessels) branch of blood vessels between dermis and subcutaneous layer.

Answer 36

Rete cutaneum

Question 37

what are the accessory organs of the skin

Answer 37

1) hair 2) nails 3) sebaceous glands 4) sweat glands

Question 38

tube like depression

Answer 38

Hair follicle

Question 39

active growing region of the hair.

Answer 39

Hair papilla

Question 40

There are portions in the body that hair follicles are not present. These are:

Answer 40

1) Palms of hands 2) Soles of feet 3) Lips (Proper lip area) 4) Nipple area 5) Various parts of external reproductive organs

Question 41

found at the base of hair follicles. This also dictates the color of our hair.

Answer 41

Epidermal Melanocytes

Question 42

pigment that is responsible for dark hair color up to brown.

Answer 42

Eumelanin

Question 43

pigment that is responsible for white blonde or yellow.

Answer 43

Pheomelanin

Question 44

red hair or pigment.

Answer 44

Iron rich

Question 45

no melanin is secreted.

Answer 45

Albino

Question 46

mixture of pigmented and unpigmented.

Answer 46

Gray hair

Question 47

round hair follicle

Answer 47

straight hair

Question 48

semi-oval follicle

Answer 48

wavy hair

Question 49

oval follicle

Answer 49

curly hair

Question 50

flat oval follicle

Answer 50

coily hair

Question 51

Protective coverings for the tips of fingers and toes.

Answer 51

nails

Question 52

a part of nail that overlies to the surface of the skin.

Answer 52

nail plate

Question 53

beneath the nail plate.

Answer 53

nail bed

Question 54

moonlight structure and active region of the nail.

Answer 54

Lunula

Question 55

gland that is responsible for secreting the sebum through the hair follicles.

Answer 55

sebaceous glands

Question 56

makes our skin soft and waterproof.

Answer 56

sebum

Question 57

Areas that have sebaceous glands even without hair follicles are:

Answer 57

lips, corners of mouth and external reproductive organs

Question 58

what kind of hormones regulates sebaceous glands

Answer 58

androgens (testosterone)

Question 59

bacteria that causes pimples.

Answer 59

propionibacterium

Question 60

sweat glands are also known as

Answer 60

sudoriferous glands

Question 61

2 types of sweat glands

Answer 61

eccrine and apocrine glands

Question 62

a type of sweat glands that are not associated with hair follicles

Answer 62

ecccrine glands

Question 63

eccrine glands are predominant at what areas

Answer 63

forehead, neck, and back area also found in palms and soles of the feet

Question 64

a type of sweat glands that are associated with hair follicles and secretes pheromones

Answer 64

apocrine glands

Question 65

also known as scent glands

Answer 65

apocrine glands

Question 66

apocrine glands are predominant at what areas

Answer 66

axillary, inguinal and nipple region

Question 67

there are 2 specialized sweat glands

Answer 67

ceruminous and mammary glands

Question 68

these are sweat glands that produce earwax

Answer 68

ceruminous glands

Question 69

what are the factors that affect our skin color

Answer 69

melanin, carotene, hemoglobin

Question 70

a condition where there are more carotene in the body

Answer 70

carotenemia

Question 71

this is the yellow coloration in the skin

Answer 71

carotene

Question 72

pigment that make our skin reddish/ pinkish shade (rosy glow)

Answer 72

hemoglobin

Question 73

a disease indicator that shows redness of the skin. this is also known as _______

Answer 73

erythema

Question 74

erythema can be an indication of?

Answer 74

fever, embarrassment, hypertension, inflammation, allergy

Question 75

a disease indicator that shows a sign of restricted blood flow to an area of the skin which results to an unusual lightness of the skin color

Answer 75

pallor or blanching

Question 76

pallor or blanching can be an indication of?

Answer 76

emotional stress, anemia, low blood pressure, impaired blood flow

Question 77

a disease indicator that shows an abnormal yellow skin color

Answer 77

jaundice

Question 78

jaundice can be an indication of?

Answer 78

liver disorder excessive bile pigments (bilirubin)

Question 79

a type of disease indicator in babies that shows an abnormal yellow color of the skin

Answer 79

neonatal jaundice

Question 80

a disease indicator that shows blood has escaped from circulation

Answer 80

hematoma/bruises

Question 81

hematoma can be an indication of?

Answer 81

vit c deficiency hemophilia

Question 82

a bleeding disorder in which blood does not clot properly, results in a continuous bleeding in the area of the wound

Answer 82

hemophilia

Question 83

1st phase of wound healing

Answer 83

hemostasis

Question 84

a stage of wound healing where it begins right after the onset of the injury

Answer 84

hemostasis

Question 85

primary objective of this stage is to stop the bleeding and the formation of blood coagulation

Answer 85

hemostasis

Question 86

an enzyme that will be released after the activation of blood clotting system

Answer 86

thrombin

Question 87

what does thrombin promotes

Answer 87

formation of fibrin mesh

Question 88

responsible for strengthening the platelet clumps producing clot

Answer 88

fibrin mesh

Question 89

aka defensive stage

Answer 89

inflammatory stage

Question 90

what is the primary objective of inflammatory stage

Answer 90

to destroy bacteria and remove debris

Question 91

a type of WBC that is being released during inflammatory stage

Answer 91

neutrophils

Question 92

after 3 days, the neutrophils will decrease and will be replaced by _______ to continue the cleaning process

Answer 92

macrophages

Question 93

cardinal sign that means redness

Answer 93

rubor

Question 94

cardinal sign that means swelling

Answer 94

tumor

Question 95

cardinal sign that means heat

Answer 95

calor

Question 96

cardinal sign that means pain

Answer 96

dolor

Question 97

inflammatory stage occurs for how many days

Answer 97

4-6 days

Question 98

the 3rd stage of wound healing.

Answer 98

proliferative stage

Question 99

what is the primary objective of proliferative stage

Answer 99

to cover and fill up the area of the wound

Question 100

proliferative stage occurs for how many days

Answer 100

4-24 days

Question 101

what are the 3 substages of proliferative stage

Answer 101

filling up the wound, contraction of the wound, epithelialization

Question 102

the phase of proliferative stage where the actual covering of the wound occurs

Answer 102

epithelialization

Question 103

the 4th stage of wound healing

Answer 103

remodeling stage

Question 103

the 4th stage of wound healing

Answer 103

remodeling stage

Question 104

remodeling phase is also known as

Answer 104

maturation phase

Question 105

a stage of wound healing where new tissues slowly gaining strength and flexibility

Answer 105

remodeling stage

Question 106

in the remodeling phase, only _______ percent restored cell strength in every injury based on the severity of the wound

Answer 106

80%

Question 107

remodeling phase would take how many days to complete?

Answer 107

21 days to 2 years

Question 108

a kind of burn where superficial dermis is affected. usually heals 2-3 days

Answer 108

1st degree burn

Question 109

a sunburn is in what kind of degree?

Answer 109

1st degree burn

Question 110

a kind of burn where superficial parts and epidermis are affected.

Answer 110

2nd degree burn

Question 111

in this degree, the burn has blisters on it

Answer 111

2nd degree burn

Question 112

a kind of burn where the entire hypodermis are affected

Answer 112

3rd degree burn

Question 113

a kind of burn that affects the entire skin and bones

Answer 113

4th degree burn

Question 114

what shall be done when there is 4th degree burn?

Answer 114

amputation