URINARY SYSTEM

Question 1

5 functions of urinary system

Answer 1

1. Remove nitrogenous wastes
2. Maintain electrolyte, acid-base, and fluid balance of blood.
3. Homeostatic Organ
4. Acts as blood filter
5. Release hormones: calcitriol & erythropoietin

Question 2

organs of the urinary system

Answer 2

kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra

Question 3

2 bean shaped organs that help the body pass wastes as urine; filters the blood before sending it back to the heart

Answer 3

kidneys

Question 4

tube that carries the urine from the urinary bladder

Answer 4

ureters

Question 5

muscular sac in the pelvis that serves as urine reservoir

Answer 5

urinary bladder

Question 6

conveys urine from blood to outside of the body

Answer 6

urethra

Question 7

6 parts of the kidney

Answer 7

nephron
renal cortex
renal medulla
renal pyramid
renal capsule
renal pelvis

Question 8

used to separate water, ions, and small molecules from the blood and filters toxins

Answer 8

nephron

Question 9

outer portion of the kidney bet the renal capsule and the renal medulla and the site of erythropoietin synthesis

Answer 9

renal cortex

Question 10

a hormone necessary for the synthesis of new RBC

Answer 10

erythropoeitin

Question 11

internal portion of the kidney where filtering of waste materials and elimination of fluid from the body occurs

Answer 11

renal medulla

Question 12

site where urine is produced

Answer 12

renal pyramid

Question 13

covers the outer portion of kidney

Answer 13

renal capsule

Question 14

funnel for urine flowing the ureter

Answer 14

renal pelvis

Question 15

process of urinary system

Answer 15

blood and waste enter through the renal artery. Filtered blood leaves through renal vein. Excess water and toxic waste leaves through ureter as urine.

Question 16

general function of kidney

Answer 16

filtration
reabsorption
secretion
excretion

Question 17

how nitrogenous wastes form?

Answer 17

nitrogenous wastes forms when PROTEINS are broken down into AMINO ACIDS for energy.

Question 18

3 types of nitrogenous wastes

Answer 18

ammonia
urea
uric acid

Question 19

composition of glomerular filtrate

Answer 19

water
small soluble organic molecules
mineral ions

Question 20

a segment of renal tubule that is responsible for reabsorptions of water, glucose, amino acids, and sodium.

Answer 20

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 21

this creates a gradient of increasing sodium ion concentration towards the end of the loop within the interstitial fluid of the renal pyramid.

Answer 21

loop of henle

Question 22

it is under the influence of the hormone aldosterone, reabsorps sodium and secretes potassium. Also regulates pH by secreting hydrogen ion when pH of the plasma is low.

Answer 22

distal convoluted tubule

Question 23

it allows for the osmotic reabsorption of water

Answer 23

collecting duct

Question 24

this hormone makes collecting ducts more permeable to water to produce concentrated urine.

Answer 24

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 25

urine is ____% of water

Answer 25

95%

Question 26

nitrogenous waste in urine

Answer 26

urea uric acid creatinine

Question 27

when bladder fills with 200ml of urine, stretch receptors transmit impulses to the CNS and produce a reflex contraction of the bladder (PNS)

Answer 27

Diuresis (Micturition)

Question 28

characteristics of urine (urinalysis)

Answer 28

smell - ammonia-like pH - 4.5-8, ave 6.0 specific gravity - more than 1.0; 1.001-1.030 color - affected by what we eat: salty foods, vitamins

Question 29

odor of normal urine

Answer 29

odor - normal is ammonia-like

Question 30

odor of urine of person w/ diabetes mellitus

Answer 30

fruity smell or acetone like due to elevated ketone levels

Question 31

odor of urine of person w/ diabetes insipidus

Answer 31

yucky asparagus

Question 32

color of pigment of urine

Answer 32

urochrome

Question 33

the yellow color of urine is due to______

Answer 33

due to metabolic breakdown of hemoglobin (by bile or bile pigments)

Question 34

this might give a urine a pink or smoky color

Answer 34

beets or rhubarb

Question 35

this might give urine a bright yellow color

Answer 35

vitamin-vitamin c

Question 36

if the urine is cloudy, it might have an ______

Answer 36

infection

Question 37

specific gravity of water

Answer 37

1g/liter

Question 38

specific gravity of urine

Answer 38

1.001 to 1.030

Question 39

when urine has high specific gravity, it forms ______

Answer 39

kidney stones

Question 40

the urine of a person with diabetes insipidus has ______ specific gravity

Answer 40

low specific gravity

Question 41

the pH of urine ranges from ______

Answer 41

4.5-8 ave 6.0

Question 42

the urine of a person with vegetarian diet is ____

Answer 42

alkaline; urine is alkaline

Question 43

the urine of a person with protein rich and wheat rich has _____ urine

Answer 43

urine is acidic

Question 44

normal constitutes of urine

Answer 44

0.05% ammonia 0.18% sulphate 0.12% phosphate 0.6% chloride 0.01% magnesium 0.015% calcium 0.6% potassium 0.1% sodium 0.1% creatinine 0.03% uric acid 2% urea 95% of water