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CVNT2 > Basic Equine Healthcare > Flashcards

Basic Equine Healthcare Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

how can you assess equine demeanour?

A

bright/quiet
alert/subdued/dull
responsive/unresponsive/hyperaesthetic

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2
Q

what is the demeanour of a normal healthy horse?

A

bright, alert, responsive

reacts normally to stimuli

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3
Q

what does DUDE stand for in terms of healthy horse behaviour?

A

Defecating
Urinating
Drinking
Eating

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4
Q

how much should horses defecate?

A

4-13 piles per day

approx 17kg/d for 500kg horse

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5
Q

what should horse faeces look like?

A

relates to diet - normal colour, no visible parasites, individual formed nuggets

consider whether location is normal for horse

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6
Q

what is considered ‘normal’ urination for a horse?

A

several times per day

one large/several small wet patches in stable

may wait on hard surface until reaches somewhere soft (avoid splashback)

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7
Q

what is the normal posture for urination?

A

hindlimbs wide and caudal

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8
Q

how much water should horses drink per day?

A

40-60ml/kg/day
25 l/day for 500kg horse
increases if dry food

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9
Q

how much food should horses eat per day?

A

1.5-2.5% bodyweight of dry matter intake/day

continuous trickle to avoid gut stasis

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10
Q

what is the minimum amount of food that should be given to horses on a restricted diet?

A

minimum 1% bodyweight of dry matter intake/day

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11
Q

which parameters should be examined during an examination of a horse?

A 
observe demeanour and behaviour 
TPR
MM/CRT
lymph nodes 
auscultation
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12
Q

what are you looking for in terms of respiration?

A

rate and effort - normal 12-20 breaths/min

observe nares - shouldn’t have discharge

observe if coughing

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13
Q

what could a heave line indicate?

A

abdominal muscular hypertrophy due to increased abdominal effort of breathing (can be sign of respiratory issues)

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14
Q

what is the normal heart/pulse rate of a horse?

A

30-40 bpm

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15
Q

where can you palpate pulses in a horse?

A

transverse facial artery
facial artery
digital arteries

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16
Q

where is the correct location for cardiac auscultation?

A

left lateral thorax underneath point of elbow (6th intercostal space)

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17
Q

where can you assess the mucous membranes of a horse?

A

conjunctiva
oral (salmon pink)
nasal
vulva

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18
Q

what is the normal CRT of a horse?

A

<2 seconds on non-pigmented oral MM

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19
Q

where can you palpate the lymph nodes?

A

either side of midline ventral mandible

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20
Q

what should you hear when performing a heart auscultation on a horse?

Study These Flashcards
A

clear “lub-dub”

some healthy variation between horses

21
Q

what other heart rhythm is normal at rest?

Study These Flashcards
A

2nd degree block - may hear “dropped beats”

22
Q

what should you hear when auscultating the abdomen?

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A

gut sounds - present in all quadrant proportional to activity

caecal emptying - ‘toilet flush’ sound in right dorsal quadrant

23
Q

what is the normal rectal temperature range of a horse?

Study These Flashcards
A

37.3 - 38.2 °C

24
Q

is a hypothermic reading likely to be accurate?

Study These Flashcards
A

rarely hypothermia in adult horses

25
how does demeanour change when a horse is sick?
often disinterested in surroundings more static disengaged with others (horses/handler)
26
what characterises the 'pain face' in horses?
lowered ears contraction of muscle above eye tense stare medio-lateral nostril dilation lips pressed together, flattened chin tension of facial muscles
27
what are the presenting signs of colic?
``` rolling looking at flanks yawning, grinding teeth stretching recumbent pawing, digging bed anorexic/inappetent reduced faecal output ```
28
what are the presenting signs of respiratory disease?
exercise intolerance extended head and neck position increased abdominal effort, heave line flared nostrils coughing epistaxis
29
what are the presenting signs of liver disease?
``` dull/hyperaesthetic inappetent, weight loss jaundice head pressing compulsive circling photosensitisation diarrhoea ```
30
what are the presenting signs of dental disease?
dropping food/quidding weight loss slow to eat halitosis
31
what are the presenting signs of lameness?
``` recumbency, abnormal posture resting limb reluctant and slow to move lame when moving poor performance changed behaviour during/around exercise inappetant ```
32
what are the main preventative medicine strategies in horses?
``` vaccination dentistry worming foot care and farriery (fly treatments, body condition scoring, physiotherapy/chiropractor) ```
33
what are the routine core vaccinations in horses?
influenza and tetanus
34
what are the other vaccination courses for horses?
``` herpes rotavirus equine viral arteritis equine infectious anaemia strep equi (respiratory) ```
35
how often should horses be vaccinated against equine influenza?
3 doses in first year of life 6-monthly for FEI competing horses OR annual booster
36
what are the main signs of equine influenza?
pyrexia nasal discharge coughing
37
how often should horses be vaccinated against tetanus?
primary vaccinations 4-6 weeks apart third vaccination 1 yr then every 2-3 years
38
what are the signs of tetanus?
``` muscular contraction extended head/neck/spine/elevated tail flared nostrils wide open eyes erect ears ```
39
how often should dental exams be performed on horses?
every 6-12 months in healthy adult - increase frequency if pathology
40
what is involved in a dental exam?
palpate/pick/probe cheek teeth, view with mirror and light removal of sharp enamel points removal of rostral/caudal hooks
41
what common dental pathologies occur in horses?
diastemata missing teeth focal overgrowths shear mouth/step mouth
42
how often should faecal worm egg counts be performed?
2 between march and september
43
how often should tapeworm tests be perfomed?
every 6-12 months - serum/saliva ELISA
44
what egg count warrants treatment?
FWEC >200-250epg, use pyrantel or ivermectin
45
what should be involved in the grooming routine of normal horses?
dried mud removed with dandy brush/rubber curry comb body brush used all over feet picked out with hoof pick face sponge for eyes and muzzle perineal sponge
46
what are the advantages of grooming hospitalised horses?
improves wellbeing - contact time/stimulation give time to notice skin lesions, behavioural changes
47
what do shoes provide?
protection support traction gait alteration (changes point of loading)
48
what care needs to be taken with cleaning kit of hospitalised patients?
``` disinfect between patients no sponges (fomites) ```
49
how often should a horses routine trim/shoe be?
every 4-8 weeks

CVNT2 (47 decks)

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