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Flashcards in Basic Experiment Deck (19)
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1
Q

The variable which is changed or altered to try and find an effect

A

Independent (Manipulated) variable

2
Q

The result or outcome due to the independent variable

A

Dependent (Measured) variable

3
Q

Occurs in an experiment when the kinds of participants in one level of the independent variable are systematically different from those in the other

A

Selection Effect

4
Q

An experimental design technique in which participants who are similar on some measured variable are grouped into sets - the members of each matched set are then randomly assigned to different experimental conditions

A

Matched Groups

5
Q

Which type of design involves different groups of participants being placed into each level of the independent variable

A

Independent Group Designs

6
Q

Participants are randomly assigned to independent variable groups and are tested on the dependent variable once

A

Posttest Only Design

7
Q

What is the main disadvantage of Independent Group Designs?

A

Needing lots of participants

8
Q

Which type of design involves one group of participants where each person is presented with all levels of the independent variable and are measured on the dependent variable each time

A

Repeated Measure Design

9
Q

What are some of the advantages of a Repeated Measure Design?

A

Fewer participants needed
Extremely sensitive to statistical differences
Ensure participants will be equal
Error variance is reduced because people serve as their own control group

10
Q

How might presenting multiple levels of the independent variable to a single group might negatively effect the dependent variable? (Order Effects)

A

Practice Effect - participant may get better with each level
Fatigue Effect - participant might get tired
Contrast and carry over effects - contamination carries over from one condition to next

11
Q

Presenting levels of the independent variable to participants in different orders so that any order effects should cancel each other out when all data are collected

A

Counterbalancing

12
Q

What is complete counterbalance?

A

All possible condition orders are represented

13
Q

What is partial counterbalance?

A

Only some of the possible conditions orders are represented

14
Q

Dependent variable is measured prior to the experimental manipulation

A

Pre-Test

15
Q

Participants are randomly assigned to at least two groups and are tested on the key dependent variable twice - once before and once after exposure to independent variable

A

Prettest/Posttest Design

16
Q

Receive a level of an independent variable, can have multiple versions in a study, where something is happening to establish cause and effect

A

Treatment Group

17
Q

A control group that is exposed to an innert treatment (sugar pill)

A

Placebo Group

18
Q

Receive a level on an independent variable that represents no treatment of is neutral

A

Control Group

19
Q

A variable whose levels are categories (Ex. Male/Female)

A

Categorical Variable