Basic GI Exam 4

Question 1

what is constipation

Answer 1

small, infrequent or difficult BM

-fewer than 3 BMs/week

Question 2

fecal impaction

Answer 2

firm immovable mass obstructs the GI tract

- liquid can squeeze around so may get very liquidly stool

Question 3

diarrhea

Answer 3

increase in frequency and fluidity of bowel movements

Question 4

acute diarrhea

Answer 4

infection, emotional stress, some medications, and liquid stool around an impaction

Question 5

chronic diarrhea

Answer 5

lasting more than 4 weeks

• chronic GI infection
• alterations in motility or integrity
• malabsorption
• endocrine disorders

Question 6

osmotic diarrhea

Answer 6

increased amounts of osmotic active solutes
-magnesium sulfate
-epsom salt
common with tube feeding

Question 7

secretory diarrhea

Answer 7

caused by bacteria or toxin

• bibrio cholerae
• Staph

Question 8

exudative diarrhea

Answer 8

active sites of inflammation within bowel, open “wounds” pulling water into intestines forming diarrhea

• crohn disease
• ulcerative colitis

Question 9

diarrhea related to motility disturbances

Answer 9

decreased absorption in small intestine

• dumping syndrome
• IBS

Question 10

Why is diarrhea a problem

Answer 10

skin breakdown
loss of fluid and electrolytes
nutritional concerns

Question 11

anti-diarrheals

Answer 11

drugs to treat diarrhea

-always given orally

Question 12

adsorbent class

Answer 12

bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-bismol)

Question 13

bismuth subsalicylate MOA

Answer 13

coats the walls of the GI tract

bind the causative agent for elimination

Question 14

bismuth subsalicylate SE

Answer 14

increased bleeding time, constipation, dark stools and darkening of tongue

Question 15

antimotility class drugs

Answer 15

loperamide & diphenoxylate [atropine]

Question 16

loperamide MOA

Answer 16

slow peristalsis

Question 17

diphenoxylate [atropine] MOA

Answer 17

slow peristalsis and drying effect

Question 18

diphenoxylate [atropine] SE

Answer 18

urinary retention
headache, dizziness, anxiety, drowsiness
bradycardia, hypotension
dry skin
flushing

Question 19

Probiotic drugs

Answer 19

lactobacillius organisms - bacid, culturelle

Question 20

MOA of probiotics

Answer 20

replenish these bacteria and restore normal flora

Question 21

what are laxatives

Answer 21

used for treatment of constipation

Question 22

what drug is in bulk-forming class

Answer 22

psyllium (Metamucil)

Question 23

MOA of psyllium

Answer 23

act similar to dietary fiber
absorbs water into the intestine, increasing bulk
distends bowel to initiate reflex bowel activity and bowel movement

Question 24

SE of psyllium

Answer 24

impaction above strictures
fluid/electrolyte imbalance
gas formation
esophageal blockage

Question 25

Nursing considerations for psyllium

Answer 25

OK for long term use - THE ONLY LAXATIVE give in a decent amount of water contraindicated for any impaction or obstruction

Question 26

drugs in emollient class

Answer 26

docusate sodium and mineral oil

Question 27

MOA for docusate sodium

Answer 27

lubricates fecal material and walls, promotes fat absorption into fecal mass prevent water from moving out of intestines

Question 28

MOA for mineral oil

Answer 28

lubricates intestines | prevents water from moving out of intestines

Question 29

What is docusate sodium used for?

Answer 29

prevent opioid-induced constipation

Question 30

what is mineral oil used for

Answer 30

fecal impactions

Question 31

SE of docusate sodium and mineral oil

Answer 31

skin rashes, decreased absorption of vitamin

Question 32

drugs in hyperosmotic class

Answer 32

laxatives glycerin lactulose polyethylene glycol

Question 33

MOA for glycerin, lactulose and polyethylene glycol

Answer 33

increasing water content in feces | promotes distention, peristalsis, and evacuation

Question 34

what are the uses of hyperosmotic drugs

Answer 34

evacuate bowels before diagnostics and surgical procedures

Question 35

SE of glycerin , lactulose, polyethylene glycol

Answer 35

abdominal bloating rectal irritation electrolyte imbalance

Question 36

saline class drugs

Answer 36

laxatives | magnesium salts and sodium salts

Question 37

MOA for magnesium salts and sodium salts

Answer 37

increse osmotic pressure and draw water into colon

Question 38

SE of sodium salts and magnesium salts

Answer 38

magnesium toxicity electrolyte imbalance cramping, diarrhea

Question 39

stimulate class drugs

Answer 39

laxatives | bisacodyl and senna

Question 40

MOA for bisacodyl and senna

Answer 40

Induce intestinal peristalsis work on GI tract

Question 41

SE of bisacodyl and senna

Answer 41

nutrient malabsorption gastric irritation electrolyte imbalance

Question 42

what class of laxative drugs are most likely to cause dependence

Answer 42

stimulants | bisacodyl and senna