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My NUR 325 Flash Cards > drugs for exam 4 > Flashcards

drugs for exam 4 Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

anti-diarrheals

A

drugs to treat diarrhea

-always given orally

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2
Q

adsorbent class

A

bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-bismol)

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3
Q

bismuth subsalicylate MOA

A

coats the walls of the GI tract

bind the causative agent for elimination

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4
Q

bismuth subsalicylate SE

A

increased bleeding time, constipation, dark stools and darkening of tongue

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5
Q

antimotility class drugs

A

loperamide & diphenoxylate [atropine]

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6
Q

diphenoxylate [atropine] MOA

A

slow peristalsis and drying effect

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7
Q

diphenoxylate [atropine] SE

A 
urinary retention
headache, dizziness, anxiety, drowsiness
bradycardia, hypotension
dry skin
flushing
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8
Q

Probiotic drugs

A

lactobacillius organisms - bacid, culturelle

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9
Q

what are laxatives

A

used for treatment of constipation

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10
Q

what drug is in bulk-forming class

A

psyllium (Metamucil)

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11
Q

MOA of psyllium

A

act similar to dietary fiber
absorbs water into the intestine, increasing bulk
distends bowel to initiate reflex bowel activity and bowel movement

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12
Q

SE of psyllium

A

impaction above strictures
fluid/electrolyte imbalance
gas formation
esophageal blockage

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13
Q

Nursing considerations for psyllium

A

OK for long term use - THE ONLY LAXATIVE
give in a decent amount of water
contraindicated for any impaction or obstruction

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14
Q

drugs in emollient class

A

docusate sodium and mineral oil

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15
Q

MOA for docusate sodium

A

for constipation
lubricates fecal material and walls, promotes fat absorption into fecal mass
prevent water from moving out of intestines

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16
Q

MOA for mineral oil

A

lubricates intestines

prevents water from moving out of intestines

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17
Q

What is docusate sodium used for?

A

prevent opioid-induced constipation

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18
Q

what is mineral oil used for

A

fecal impactions

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19
Q

SE of docusate sodium and mineral oil

A

skin rashes, decreased absorption of vitamin

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20
Q

drugs in hyperosmotic class

A

laxatives
glycerin
lactulose
polyethylene glycol

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21
Q

MOA for glycerin, lactulose and polyethylene glycol

A

increasing water content in feces

promotes distention, peristalsis, and evacuation

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22
Q

what are the uses of hyperosmotic drugs

A

evacuate bowels before diagnostics and surgical procedures

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23
Q

SE of glycerin , lactulose, polyethylene glycol

A

abdominal bloating
rectal irritation
electrolyte imbalance

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24
Q

saline class drugs

A

laxatives

magnesium salts and sodium salts

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25
MOA for magnesium salts and sodium salts
increase osmotic pressure and draw water into colon
26
SE of sodium salts and magnesium salts
magnesium toxicity electrolyte imbalance cramping, diarrhea
27
stimulate class drugs
laxatives | bisacodyl and senna
28
MOA for bisacodyl and senna
Induce intestinal peristalsis work on GI tract
29
SE of bisacodyl and senna
nutrient malabsorption gastric irritation electrolyte imbalance
30
what class of laxative drugs are most likely to cause dependence
stimulants | bisacodyl and senna
31
What are 5 alpha reductase inhibitors
finasteride and dutasteride | for BPH
32
MOA for finasteride and dutasteride
acts in reproduction tissue to inhibit 5 alpha DHT | blocks conversion of testosterone to DHT and decreases epithelial tissue in prostate
33
SE of finasteride and dutasteride
impotence (erectile disfunction) decreased libido gynecomastia - abnormal growth of breast tissue
34
Nursing considerations for finasteride and dutasteride
pregnant nurses can not handle this drug | men can not give blood while talking the drug
35
what are alpha1-adrenergic antagonists
tamsulosin | for BPH; dynamic obstruction of urethra
36
MOA of tamsulosin
relaxes smooth muscle cells and selective for alpha receptors in the prostate
37
SE of tamsulosin
well tolerated | abnormal ejaculation
38
what are PDE-5 inhibitors
sildenafil (Viagra) | for erectile dysfunction
39
MOA of sildenafil
inhibits PDE5, increases and preserves cGMP levels
40
SE of sildenafil
heart attack, flushing, dyspepsia
41
cautious with sildenafil
do not take if you are taking any nitrates - will cause significant decreased BP no more than once per day
42
how do you keep optic topical agent localized
use nasolacrimal pressure | hold pressure for 2 min
43
what are the optic topical beta blockers
timolol [nonselective] and betaxolol [B1 receptor]
44
MOA for timolol & betaxolol
block sympathetic nervous system stimulation of beta receptors
45
indication for timolol & betaxolol
open angle glaucoma maintenance treatment acute angle closure - need drops asap + other intervention
46
SE for timolol & betaxolol
transient burning & discomfort
47
considerations for timolol & betaxolol
timolol - can not give to COPD, asthma, heart issues must use nasolacrimal pressure
48
what drug is a prostaglandin analog
latanoprost
49
MOA for latanoprost
increases outflow drainage of aqueous humor
50
indications for latanoprost
open angle glaucoma | ocular hypertension
51
SE of latanoprost
well tolerated
52
drug in alpha-adrenergic agonist class
brimonidine
53
MOA of brimonidine
decreases AH production, may increase drainage/outflow
54
indication for brimonidine
used for open-angle glaucoma and increased intraocular pressure
55
SE of brimonidine
burning/stinging dry mouth fatigue, H/A, blurred vision, hypotension
56
drugs in carbonic anhydrase inhibitor class
dozolamide
57
MOA for dozolamide
decreased production of aqueous humor
58
Indications for dozolamide
second-line treatment for open angle and increased IOP
59
SE of dozolamide
stinging bitter taste allergic reactions
60
What is epinephrine used for
severe allergic reactions, cardiac arrest, severe asthmatic attack
61
MOA for epinephrine
inhibits release of mediators from mast cells
62
SE of epinephrine
CV: angina, arrhythmias, hypertension, tachycardia CNS: nervousness, restlessness, tremor MAKE SURE YOU MONITOR
63
Routes for epinephrine
all except PO
64
what is phenazopyridine used for
relief of PAIN due to UTI
65
what is the MOA for phenazopyridine
dye used in paint; local analgesic action
66
SE of phenazopyridine
reddish-orange urine | well tolerated
67
what is mirabegron used for
overactive bladder
68
MOA of mirabegron
selectively stimulates beta- 3 adrenergic receptors, relaxing bladder smooth muscle
69
SE of mirabegron
HTN (MONITOR) UTI urinary retention headache
70
what is oxybutynin used for
incontinence, over active bladder
71
MOA for oxybutynin
block the action of acetylcholine; acetylcholine activates smooth muscle contractions
72
SE of oxybutynin
dry mouth, incontinence

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