Depression, Anxiety, and Withdrawal Exam 2

Question 1

what do neurotransmitters do

Answer 1

travel across the synapse and either block or facilitates relay of stimulus
- allow communication or stop communication

Question 2

dopamine

Answer 2

attention, motivation, pleasure, reward

Question 3

norepinephrine

Answer 3

alertness, energy

Question 4

serotonin

Answer 4

obsession, compulsions

Question 5

GABA

Answer 5

relaxation

Question 6

What is GABA dysfunction associated with

Answer 6

anxiety disorders, especially panic disorders

Question 7

Are people with depression more or less likely to have coronary artery disease

Answer 7

more likely

Question 8

anticipatory anxiety

Answer 8

fearful expectation of panic anxiety onset

Question 9

avoidance anxiety

Answer 9

personal strategies used to increase feeling of control and decrease the risk of panic anxiety

Question 10

what is generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 10

chronic condition; anxiety for more than 6 months

excessive, uncontrolled, unrealistic worry
accompanied by muscle tension, autonomic. hyperactivity exaggerated startle difficulty concentrating

Question 11

social anxiety disorder

Answer 11

intense fear of being criticized by others; persistent fear of humiliation

amygdala plays a role in fear response

Question 12

obsessive compulsive disorder

Answer 12

repetitive unwanted thoughts/obsessions

repeated activities/rituals

Question 13

Drugs to treat generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 13

antidepressants - SNRI and SSRI

buspirone

Benzos

Question 14

PTSD drug treatment

Answer 14

SSRI and SNRI

Question 15

Social anxiety drug treatment

Answer 15

therapy, SSRI, Benzos, propranolol (beta-blocker)

Question 16

SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor)

Answer 16

fluoxetine
MOA: inhibitors of serotonin at nerve endings, more serotonin is available at the nerve endings
-when we block reuptake allowing more serotonin to be at nerve endings to exert effects
-more serotonin in synapse the more serotonin available to exert

SE: serotonin syndrome (using two serotonin uptake drugs), withdrawal syndrome) (DO NOT STOP ABRUPTLY), suicidal risk, neonatal effect

Question 17

SNRI (serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors)

Answer 17

venlafaxine
MOA: blocks neuronal activity of serotonin and norepinephrine
- leaves more serotonin and norepinephrine in synapse to work
SE: sexual dysfunction, anorexia, insomnia, somnolence, withdrawal syndrome

Question 18

tricyclic antidepressants

Answer 18

amitriptyline

MOA: block reuptake of 2 monoamine transmitters, norepinephrine & serotonin making it more available in the synapse

hot as a hare, dry as a bone, blind as a bat, red red as a beat, mad as hatter

SIGNIFICANT drug-drug interaction with MAOI

Question 19

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI)

Answer 19

phenelzine
refractory depression

MOA: inhibits MAO (monoamine oxidase)- enzyme found in the liver, intestinal wall, and terminals of neurons
- MAO converts norepi, 5-HT, and dopamine to inactive product
= DECREASED MAO INCREASES AVAILABILITY OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS AT THE NERVE ENDINGS

SE: food/drug interactions (aged cheese, smoked meats, yeast, red wine)(=HTN), drug-drug interactions, rapid increases in BP, stroke, coma

Question 20

fluoxetine

Answer 20

SSRI

MOA: stops serotonin at nerve endings; more serotonin available to exert effects

Question 21

venlafazine

Answer 21

SNRI

MOA: blocks neuronal activity of serotonin and norepinephrine

Question 22

amitriptyline

Answer 22

tricyclic antidepressant

MOA: block reuptake of norepinephrine & serotonin making more available in the synapse

Question 23

phenelzine

Answer 23

MAOI
MOA: inhibits MAO-enzyme, converts norepi, 5-HT, dopamine to inactive product

do not eat smoked meats and cheeses and wine with phenelzine

Question 24

ketamine

Answer 24

can help with suicide and depression

SE: perceptual disturbances, dissociation

Question 25

trazadone

Answer 25

blockade of 5-HT reuptake | used to help treat anxiety and insomnia

Question 26

Benzodiazepines

Answer 26

pams and lams MOA: enhance inhibitory effects of GABA (relaxation) in the CNS FOR: generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorders SE: CNS depression, withdrawal effects, memory loss, respiratory depression Do not take with grapefruit NO WITH PREGNANT schedule 4 drug

Question 27

alprazolam

Answer 27

anxiety and panic benzo MOA: enhance inhibitory effects of GABA in the CNS no pregnant SE: CNS depression, withdrawal effect, memory loss, respiratory depression

Question 28

diazepam

Answer 28

``` benzo anxiety and panic enhances inhibitory effects of GABA in the CNS no while pregnant schedule 4 ```

Question 29

lorazepam

Answer 29

anxiety and panic benzo enhance inhibitory effects of GABA in the CNS se; cns depression, withdrawal effects, memory loss, respiratory depression no while pregnant schedule 4

Question 30

what is the antidote to benzos

Answer 30

flumazenil

Question 31

dopamine is associated with...?

Answer 31

dopamine is associated with reward and good feeling

Question 32

what cortex is addiction associated with

Answer 32

prefrontal cortex

Question 33

methadone

Answer 33

reduces symptoms of withdrawal synthetic opioid analgesic, mu-agonist SE: lightheaded, hives, chest pain, tachycardia, hallucinations, confusion methadone can be abused and people can become dependent on it

Question 34

what does buprenorphine + naloxone = ?

Answer 34

Suboxone | -helps patients recover more quickly from addiction

Question 35

when do symptoms start for opioid withdrawal

Answer 35

72 hours

Question 36

what is peak for benzo withdrawal

Answer 36

2 weeks

Question 37

what is peak for alcohol withdrawal

Answer 37

24-48 hours