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APA1313 - Musculoskeletal Anatomy > basic terminology & principles > Flashcards

basic terminology & principles Flashcards

1
Q

meaning of superior

A

upwards

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2
Q

meaning of cranial

A

towards the head

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3
Q

meaning of inferior

A

downwards

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4
Q

meaning of caudal

A

towards the feet

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5
Q

meaning of lateral

A

away from the body’s midline

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6
Q

meaning of medial

A

towards the body’s midline

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7
Q

meaning of posterior

A

towards the back of the body

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8
Q

meaning of anterior

A

towards the front of the body

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9
Q

meaning of proximal

A

towards the origin of the limb

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10
Q

meaning of distal

A

towards the extremity of the limb

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11
Q

meaning of deep

A

away from the surface of the body/limb

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12
Q

meaning of superficial

A

towards the surface of the body/limb

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13
Q

what is the action of flexion?

A

a decrease in joint angle between two bone segments

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14
Q

what is the action of extension?

A

an increase in joint angle between two bone segments

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15
Q

what is hyperextension?

A

an uncommon posterior extension that is beyond the anatomical position

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16
Q

what is the action of abduction?

A

when the bone moves away from the midline in the frontal plane

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17
Q

what is the action of adduction

A

when the bone moves towards the midline in the frontal plane

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18
Q

what is the action of medial rotation?

A

when the anterior aspect of the bone rotates towards the midline around the longitudinal axis

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19
Q

what is the action of lateral rotation?

A

when the anterior aspect of the bone rotates away from the midline around the longitudinal axis

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20
Q

what is the action of circumduction?

A

a combination of all fundamental motions to create a circle with a segment

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21
Q

what is the action of shoulder elevation?

A

upward motions of a joint

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22
Q

what is the action of shoulder depression?

A

downward motion of a joint

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23
Q

what is the action of protraction?

A

forward movement of a bone in the transverse plane

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24
Q

what is the action of retraction?

A

posterior movement of a bone in the transverse plane

25
what is the action of retraction?
posterior movement of a bone in the transverse plane
26
what is the action of inversion?
ankle movement involving the sole of the foot to face medially
27
what is the action of eversion?
ankle movement involving the sole of the foot to face laterally
28
what is the action of dorsiflexion?
ankle movement involving the dorsum of the foot to move towards the anterior aspect of the lower leg
29
what is the action of plantar flexion?
ankle movement involving the plantar aspect of the foot to move towards the posterior aspect of the lower leg
30
what is the action of supination?
external rotation of the forearm
31
what is the action of pronation
internal rotation of the forearm
32
what is the action of oppostion?
motion that involves the thumb to move towards the pinky finger
33
what is the action of horizontal abduction?
movement involving bone to move away from the midline in the transverse plane
34
what is the action of horizontal adduction?
movement involving bone to move towards the midline in the transverse plane
35
what is anatomical position?
starting position in which we study the human body; | position is standing upright & facing forward with palms supinated
36
what are the planes of the body?
sagittal, frontal, & transverse planes
37
what is the sagittal plane?
divides the body from left & right
38
what is the frontal plane?
divides the body anteriorly & posteriorly
39
what is the transverse plane?
divides the body between top & bottom
40
what are the axes of the body?
longitudinal, frontal, & sagittal axes
41
what is the longitudinal axis?
moves the body in the transverse plane
42
what is the frontal axis?
moves the body in the sagittal plane
43
what is the sagittal axis?
moves the body in the frontal plane
44
what is another name for the sagittal plane?
the anteroposterior plane
45
what is another name for the frontal plane?
the coronal plane
46
what are other names for the transverse plane?
the horizontal or axial plane
47
what is the midsagittal plane?
the sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left & right portions
48
what is another name for the midsagittal plane?
the median plane
49
what is the parasagittal plane?
any sagittal plane dividing the body into unequal left & right portions
50
what are other names for the frontal axis?
the mediolateral or transverse axis
51
what is another name for the sagittal axis?
the anteroposterior axis
52
what are other names for the longitudinal axis?
the vertical or proximodistal axis
53
meaning of unilateral
a structure that occurs on one side
54
meaning of bilateral
paired structures having right & left members
55
meaning of ipsilateral
occurring on the same side of the body
56
meaning of contralateral
occurring on the opposing side of the body
57
what actions occur in the sagittal plane & frontal axis
flexion/extension
58
what actions occur in the frontal plane & sagittal axis?
abduction/adduction; side flexion; inversion/eversion
59
what actions occur in the transverse plane & longitudinal axis?
internal/external rotation; horizontal flexion/extension; supination/pronation

APA1313 - Musculoskeletal Anatomy (13 decks)

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