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APA1313 - Musculoskeletal Anatomy > upper extremity - wrist & hand > Flashcards

upper extremity - wrist & hand Flashcards

(141 cards)

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1
Q

what movement is equivalent to adduction in the wrist?

A

ulnar deviation

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2
Q

what movement is equivalent to abduction in the wrist?

A

radial deviation

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3
Q

meaning of radial

A

towards the radius (lateral) side of a structure or bone

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4
Q

meaning of ulnar

A

towards the ulna (medial) side of a structure or bone

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5
Q

how many carpal bones are there?

A

8 carpal bones

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6
Q

what are the bones in the proximal row (lateral to medial)?

A
  • scaphoid bone
  • lunate bone
  • triquetrum bone
  • pisiform bone
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7
Q

what are the bones in the distal row (lateral to medial)?

A
  • trapezium bone
  • trapezoid bone
  • capitate bone
  • hamate bone
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8
Q

what does the scaphoid bone articulate with?

A
  • radius
  • capitate
  • lunate
  • trapezium
  • trapezoid
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9
Q

muscles of the hypothenar eminence

A
  • abductor digiti minimi
  • flexor digiti minimi
  • palmaris brevis
  • opponens digiti minimi
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10
Q

origins of abductor digiti minimi

A
  • pisiform

- tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris

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11
Q

insertion of abductor digiti minimi

A

medial aspect of base of P1 of fifth metacarpal

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12
Q

action of abductor digiti minimi

A

abduction of 5th finger

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13
Q

origin of flexor digiti minimi

A
  • flexor retinaculum

- hamatum

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14
Q

insertion of flexor digiti minimi

A

P1 of fifth metacarpal

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15
Q

action of flexor digiti minimi

A

flexion of 5th finger

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16
Q

origin of palmaris brevis

A
  • palmar aponeurosis

- flexor retinaculum

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17
Q

insertion of palmaris brevis

A

skin on medial side of the hand

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18
Q

action of palmaris brevis

A

assists in prehension

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19
Q

origin of opponens digiti minimi

A
  • flexor retinaculum

- hook of hamatum

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20
Q

insertion of opponens digiti minimi

A

palmar aspect of 5th metacarpal

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21
Q

action of opponens digiti minimi

A

opposition of 5th digit

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22
Q

muscles of the thenar eminence

A
  • flexor pollicis brevis
  • abductor pollicis brevis
  • opponens pollicis
  • adductor pollicis (transverse & oblique heads)
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23
Q

origin of flexor pollicis brevis

A
  • trapezium

- flexor retinaculum

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24
Q

insertion of flexor pollicis brevis

A

lateral aspect of P1 (base) of thumb

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25
action of flexor pollicis brevis
P1 flexion
26
origin of abductor pollicis brevis
- flexor retinaculum - scaphoid - trapezium
27
insertion of abductor pollicis brevis
lateral aspect of P1 (base) of thumb
28
action of abductor pollicis brevis
thumb abduction
29
origins of opponens pollicis
- trapezium | - flexor retinaculum
30
insertion of opponens pollicis
lateral aspect of 1st metacarpal
31
actions of opponens pollicis
- thumb opposition | - assists in flexion
32
origins of adductor pollicis
``` oblique head: - capitate - bases of 2nd & 3rd metacarpals transverse head: - palmar aspect of 3rd metacarpal ```
33
insertion of adductor pollicis
base of P1 thumb
34
action of adductor pollicis
thumb adduction
35
what are the dorsal hand muscles?
dorsal interossei
36
origin of dorsal interossei
metacarpals 1-5
37
insertion of dorsal interossei
P1 of fingers 2-4
38
actions of dorsal interossei
- flexion of metacarpophalangeal joints - abduction of fingers - extension of proximal & distal intercarpal joints
39
what are the palmar hand muscles?
- palmar interossei | - lumbricals 1-4
40
origin of palmar interossei
palmar aspect of metacarpals 2, 4, 5
41
insertion of palmar interossei
base of P1 in digits 2, 4, 5
42
actions of palmar interossei
- flexion & adduction of metacarpophalangeal joints | - extension of proximal & distal intercarpal joints
43
origin of lumbrical 1
lateral aspect of flexor digitorum profundus in 2nd digit
44
insertion of lumbrical 1
lateral aspect of P1 in 2nd digit
45
action of lumbricals 1-4
- flexion of metacarpophalangeal joints | - extension of proximal & distal intercarpal joints
46
origin of lumbrical 2
lateral aspect of flexor digitorum profundus digit 3
47
insertion of lumbrical 2
lateral aspect of P1 in 3rd digit
48
origin of lumbrical 3
medial & lateral aspect of flexor digitorum profundus tendons of digits 3-4
49
insertion of lumbrical 3
lateral aspect of P1 in 4th digit
50
origin of lumbrical 4
medial & lateral aspect of flexor digitorum profundus tendons in digits 4-5
51
insertion of lumbrical 4
lateral aspect of P1 in 5th digit
52
origin of extensor pollicis brevis
posterior distal surface of radius & interosseous membrane
53
insertion of extensor pollicis brevis
dorsal aspect of P1
54
action of extensor pollicis brevis
P1 extension
55
origin of extensor pollicis longus
posterior distal surface of ulna & interosseous membrane
56
insertion of extensor pollicis longus
dorsal aspect of P2
57
actions of extensor pollicis longus
- P2 extension | - assists in wrist extension
58
origin of abductor hallucis longus
posterior aspect of radius, ulna, & interosseous membrane
59
insertion of abductor hallucis longus
base of 1st metacarpal (radial aspect)
60
actions of abductor hallucis longus
thumb abduction & extension
61
origin of flexor pollicis longus
anterior surface of radius & interosseous membrane
62
insertion of flexor pollicis longus
palmar surface of P2 (thumb)
63
actions of flexor pollicis longus
- P1 & P2 flexion - thumb opposition - assists in wrist flexion
64
origin of extensor digitorum
lateral epicondyle
65
insertion of extensor digitorum
P1-P3 via tendinous expansions of 2nd-5th digits
66
actions of extensor digitorum
- finger extension | - assists in wrist & elbow extension
67
origin of extensor indicis
distal posterior aspect of ulna & interosseous membrane
68
insertion of extensor indicis
2nd digit's tendon of extensor digitorum
69
actions of extensor indicis
- index finger extension | - assists in wrist extension
70
origin of extensor digiti minimi
lateral epicondyle
71
insertion of extensor digiti minimi
P3 of pinky finger
72
actions of extensor digiti minimi
- pinky finger extension | - assists in wrist & elbow extension
73
origin of flexor digitorum superficialis
``` humeroulnar head: - medial epicondyle - coronoid process radial head: - proximal 1/2 of anterior surface of radius ```
74
insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis
palmar surface of P2 in fingers 2-5
75
actions of flexor digitorum superficialis
- P1 & P2 flexion | - assists in wrist & elbow flexion
76
origin of flexor digitorum profundus
medial & anterior surface of proximal 3/4 of ulna & interosseous membrane
77
insertion of flexor digitorum profundus
palmar surface of P3 in fingers 2-5
78
actions of flexor digitorum profundus
- P3 flexion | - assists in wrist flexion
79
origin of extensor carpi ulnaris
lateral epicondyle
80
insertion of extensor carpi ulnaris
base of 5th metacarpal
81
actions of extensor carpi ulnaris
- wrist extension - ulnar deviation - assists in elbow extension
82
origin of extensor carpi radialis longus
supracondylar ridge of lateral epicondyle
83
insertion of extensor carpi radialis longus
base of 2nd metacarpal
84
actions of extensor carpi radialis longus
- wrist extension - radial deviation - assists in elbow extension
85
origin of extenor carpi radialis brevis
lateral epicondyle
86
insertion of extensor carpi radialis brevis
base of 3rd metacarpal
87
actions of extensor carpi radialis brevis
- wrist extension - radial deviation - assists in elbow extension
88
origin of flexor carpi radialis
medial epicondyle
89
insertion of flexor carpi radialis
base of 2nd & 3rd metacarpals
90
actions of flexor carpi radialis
- wrist flexion - radial deviation - assists in elbow flexion
91
origin of flexor carpi ulnaris
medial epidonyle
92
insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris
- pisiforme - hamate - base of 4th & 5th metacarpals
93
actions of flexor carpi ulnaris
- wrist flexion - ulnar deviation - assists in elbow flexion
94
origin of palmaris longus
medial epicondyle
95
insertion of palmaris longus
- palmar aponeurosis - palmar fascia - palmar skin
96
actions of palmaris longus
- wrist flexion - tension in palmar fascia - assists in elbow flexion
97
describe the lunate bone
- most moveable & unstable bone of the wrist - rounded shape - poor ligament stability - no muscular attachment
98
describe the triquetrum bone
- triangular bone | - most medial/ulnar bone of the wrist
99
describe the pisiform bone
- pea-shaped - loose articulation with palmar surface of triquetrium bone - embedded within tendon of flexor capi ulnaris - attachment for abductor digiti minimi muscle
100
describe the trapezium bone
- articulates with scaphoid & trapezoid via 2 proximal concave surfaces - distal surface articulates with first metacarpal
101
describe the trapezoid bone
- small & trapezoid shaped - wedged between trapezium & capitate - solid articulation with base of 2nd metacarpal
102
describe the capitate bone
- largest carpal bone - articulates with trapezoid, scaphoid, lunate, hamate, & 2nd, 3rd, & 4th metcarpals - solid articulation with 3rd metacarpal - axis of motion for all wrist motions
103
describe the hamate bone
- hook found on palmar side that protects ulnar nerve | - articulates with capitate, triquetrum & 4th & 5th metcarapals
104
what are bony landmarks of the metacarpal bones?
- head - neck - base - shaft - posterior tubercle
105
what are the ligaments of the 1st carpometacarpal joint?
- anterior (palmar) oblique - ulnar collateral - intermetacarpal - radial collateral - posterior oblique
106
proximal attachment of anterior (palmar) oblique ligament
palmar tubercle on trapezium
107
distal attachment of anterior (palmar) oblique ligament
palmar base of thumb metacarpal
108
limits of the anterior (palmar) oblique ligament
- thin & weak | - tight & pulled back in full extension
109
proximal attachment of ulnar collateral ligament
radial side of transverse carpal ligament
110
distal attachment of ulnar collateral ligament
palmar-ulnar base of thumb metacarpal
111
limits of the ulnar collateral ligament
tight & pulled back in abduction & extension
112
proximal attachment of intermetacarpal ligament
dorsal-radial base of second metacarpal
113
distal attachment of intermetacarpal ligament
palmar-ulnar base of thumb metcarpal with ulnar collateral ligament
114
limits of the intermetacarpal ligament
tight & pulled back in opposition, flexion, & abduction
115
proximal attachment of radial collateral ligament
radial surface of the trapezium
116
distal attachment of radial collateral ligament
dorsal base of thumb metacarpal (adjacent to insertion of abductor pollicis longus)
117
limits of the radial collateral & posterior oblique ligaments
- relatively thick & strong - densely populated with sensory fibres - tight & pulled back in opposition, flexion, & abduction - prime stabilizer for opposed carpometacarpal joint
118
proximal attachment of posterior oblique ligament
posterior-radial corner of trapezium
119
distal attachment of posterior oblique ligament
palmar-ulnar base of thumb metacarpal
120
what is the carpal tunnel
formed by the palmar surface of the wrist being concave & covered by transverse ligaments
121
structures within the carpal tunnel
- median nerve - muscle tendons - flexor carpi radialis - Guyon's canal
122
which muscles for the tendons located in the carpal tunnel belong to?
- flexor digitorum superficialis - flexor pollicis longus - flexor digitorum profundus
123
where is the flexor carpi radialis located in the carpal tunnel?
between deep & superficial layers of the flexor retinaculum
124
what is Guyon's canal?
a small compartment found superficially to the tunnel on its medial aspect
125
what are the functions of the triangular fibrocartilage complex?
- primary stabilizer of distal radio-ulnar joint - reinforces ulnar side of wrist - forms part of the concavity of radiocarpal joint - helps transfer part of the compression forces naturally cross bending the forearm
126
total compression force of triangular fibrocartilage complex to the
20% out of the total crossing the wrist passing through the fibrocartilage disc component
127
what are the movements allowed at the wrist?
- flexion/extension | - radial/ulnar deviation
128
what are the joints of the wrist?
- radiocarpal joint - midcarpal joint - intercarpal joint
128
what are the joints of the wrist?
- radiocarpal joint - midcarpal joint - intercarpal joint
129
bones articulating in radiocarpal joint
- radius & triangular fibrocartilage joint with scaphoid & lunate bones - triquetrium & ulna make contact during ulnar deviation
130
what kind of joint is the radiocarpal joint?
condyloid joint
131
what articulates in the medial compartment of the midcarpal joint?
capitate & hamate bones (convex) with the scaphoid, lunate & triquetrium (concave)
132
what articulates in the lateral compartment of the midcarpal joint?
distal pole of scaphoid (convex) with trapzoium & trapezoid bones (concave)
133
direction of movement in midcarpal joint
medial to lateral
134
what kind of joint is the midcarpal joint?
bicondyloid joint
135
how many intercarpal joints are there?
13 joints
136
what are the possible shapes for intercarpal joints?
- flat - convex - concave
137
movements allowed by intercarpal joints
- gliding | - small rotatory motions
138
what kind of joint are the intercarpal joints?
planar joints
139
what nerve is compressed by flexor retinaculum in the carpal tunnel?
the median nerve
140
what kind of joint are the interphalangeal joints
hinge joints

APA1313 - Musculoskeletal Anatomy (13 decks)

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