lower extremity - muscles Flashcards
(144 cards)
1
Q
what are the hip flexor muscles?
A
- iliacus
- psoas major & minor
- tensor fasica lata
- sartorius
- rectus femoris
- adductor brevis & magnus
- pectineus
2
Q
what three muscles are part of the iliopsoas?
A
- iliacus
- psoas major
- psoas minor
3
Q
origins of iliacus
A
- superior 2/3 of iliac fossa
- iliac crest
- sacral ala
- anterior sacroiliac ligament
4
Q
insertion of iliacus
A
lesser trochanter
5
Q
action of iliacus
A
hip flexion
6
Q
origins of psoas major
A
T12-L5:
- transverse processes
- vertebral bodies
- invertebral discs
7
Q
insertionof of psoas major
A
lesser trochanter
8
Q
actions of of psoas major
A
- fixation point: trunk & lower extremity
- hip flexion
- aids in lordosis
9
Q
origin of psoas minor
A
T12-L1 vertebral bodies
10
Q
insertion of psoas minor
A
pectineal line of pubis
11
Q
actions of psoas minor
A
- weak trunk flexion
- posterior pelvic tilt
12
Q
origins of tensor fascia lata
A
- anterior superior iliac spine
- iliac crest (anterior)
13
Q
insertions of tensor fascia lata
A
- iliotibial band
- tibial Gerdy’s tubercle
14
Q
actions of tensor fascia lata
A
- abduction
- internal rotation
- hip flexion
- maintains knee extension
15
Q
origin of sartorius
A
anterior superior iliac spine
16
Q
insertion of sartorius
A
superior aspect of medial proximal aspect of tibia (underneath medial condyle)
17
Q
actions of sartorius
A
- external hip rotation
- hip abduction
- hip & knee flexion
- internal knee rotation
18
Q
origin of rectus femoris
A
anterior superior iliac spine
19
Q
insertion of rectus femoris
A
tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
20
Q
actions of rectus femoris
A
- hip flexion
- knee extension
21
Q
what are the hip extensor muscles?
A
- gluteus maximius
- hamstring muscles
22
Q
origins of gluteus maximus
A
- ilium behind posterior gluteal line
- dorsal aspect of sacrum & coccyx
- sacrotuberous ligament
23
Q
insertion of gluteus maximis
A
iliotibial band
24
Q
actions of gluteus maximis
A
- hip extension
- hip abduction
- external hip rotation
25
what are the hamstring muscles?
- biceps femoris
- semimembranosus
- semitendinosus
26
origins of biceps femoris
```
long head:
- ischial tuberosity
short head:
- linea aspera
- supracondylar line
```
27
insertion of biceps femoris
lateral side of fibular head
28
actions of biceps femoris
- hip extension
- external hip & knee rotation
- knee flexion
29
origin of semimembranosus & semitendinosus
ischial tuberosity
30
insertion of semimembranosus
posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia
31
actions of semimembranosus
- hip extension
- internal hip rotation
- knee flexion
32
insertion of semitendinosus
superior & medial aspect of tibia (just inferior to medial condyle)
33
actions of semitendinosus
- hip extension
- internal hip & knee rotation
- knee flexion
34
what are the hip abductor muscles?
- gluteus maximus, medius & minimus
- tensor fascia lata
- sartorius
35
origin of gluteus medius
ilium between anterior & posterior gluteal lines
36
insertion of gluteus medius
lateral aspect of greater trochanter
37
actions of gluteus medius & gluteus minimus
- hip abduction
- internal hip rotation
- pelvic stability
38
origin of gluteus minimus
- ilium between anterior & inferior gluteal lines
39
insertion of gluteus minimus
anterior aspect of greater trochanter
40
what are the hip adductor muscles?
- adductor brevis, magnus, & longus
- pectineus
- gracilis
41
origins of adductor brevis
- body of pubis
| - inferior branch of pubis
42
insertions of adductor brevis
- pectineal line of linea aspera
| - proximal aspect of linea aspera
43
actions of adductor brevis & adductor longus
- hip adduction
- hip flexion
- internal hip rotation
44
origins of adductor magnus
- inferior branch of pubis
| - inferior branch of ischium
45
insertions of adductor magnus
- gluteal tuberosity
- linea aspera
- supracondylar line of femur
46
origin of adductor longus
body of pubis
47
insertion of adductor longus
middle 1/3 of linea aspera
48
actions of adductor longus
- hip adduction
| - internal hip rotation
49
origin of pectineus
superior branch of pubis
50
insertion of pectineus
pectineal line of femur
51
actions of pectineus
- hip adduction
| - hip flexion
52
origins of gracilis
- body of pubis
| - inferior branch of pubis
53
insertion of gracilis
superior aspect of medial side of tibia
54
actions of gracilis
- hip adduction
- internal hip & knee rotation
- assists in knee flexion
55
what is the trendenlenburg sign in the pelvis?
- lowering of the contralateral side of the pelvis when in unipodal stance
- weak abductor muscles on the stance side
56
origins of piriformis
- anterior surface of sacrum
| - sacrotuberous ligament
57
insertion of piriformis
superior aspect of greater trochanter
58
actions of piriformis & obturator internus
- external hip rotation
| - hip abduction
59
origin of obturator internus
internal aspect of obturator membrane
60
insertion of obturator internus
medial aspect of greater trochanter
61
origin of quadratus femoris
lateral aspect of ischial tuberosity
62
insertion of quadratus femoris
intertrochanteric crest
63
actions of quadratus femoris, superior gemellus, & inferior gemellus
external rotation
64
origin of superior gemellus
lateral aspect of ischiatic spine
65
insertion of superior & inferior gemellus
medial aspect of greater trochanter
66
origin of inferior gemellus
ischial tuberosity
67
origin of obturator externus
external aspect of obturator foramen
68
insertion of obturator externus
trochanteric fossa
69
actions of obturator externus
- external hip rotation
| - hip abduction
70
origins of popliteus
- lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur
| - lateral meniscus
71
insertion of popliteus
posterior aspect of tibia above soleal line
72
actions of popliteus
- internal knee rotation when knee is in flexion
- unlocks the knee
- an accessory in knee flexion
73
origins of gastrocnemius
lateral head:
- lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur
medial head:
- popliteal surface above medial condyle of femur
74
insertion of popliteus
posterior aspect of calcaneus via Achilles' tendon
75
actions of popliteus
- knee flexion
| - plantar flexion in ankle
76
origin of plantaris
inferior aspect of lateral supracondylar line of femur
77
insertion of plantaris & soleus
posterior aspect of calcaneus via Achilles' tendon
78
action of plantaris
weak assistance to gastrocnemius muscle
79
origin of vastus intermedius
anterolateral aspect of femoral shaft
80
origin of vastus lateralis
- greater trochanter
| - lateral lip of linea aspera
81
origin of vastus medialis
- intertrochanteric line
| - lateral lip of linea aspera
82
insertion of vastus lateralis, intermedius, & medialis
tibial tuberosityvia patellar ligament
83
action of vastus lateralis, intermedius, & medialis
knee extension
84
origins of tibialis anterior
- anterolateral aspect of lateral tibial condyle
| - interosseus membrane
85
insertions of tibialis anterior
- medial cuneiform
| - 1st metatarsal
86
actions of tibialis anterior
- ankle dorsiflexion
| - ankle inversion
87
origins of extensor hallucis longus
- anterior aspect of fibula
| - interosseous membrane
88
insertion of extensor hallucis longus
dorsal aspect of P1 of the hallux (big toe)
89
actions of extensor hallucis longus
- ankle dorsiflexion
- ankle inversion
- hallux (big toe) extension
90
origins of extensor digitorum longus
- lateral tibial condyle
- anterior proximal 3/4 of interosseous membrane
- anterior proximal 3/4 of fibula
91
insertion of extensor digitorum longus
dorsal aspect of P2 & P3 of toes 2-5
92
actions of extensor digitorum longus
- ankle dorsiflexion
- ankle eversion
- extension in toes 2-5
93
origins of fibularis longus
- head of fibula
| - proximal 2/3 of fibula
94
insertion of fibularis longus
plantar aspect of 1st metatarsal
95
actions of fibularis longus & brevis
- ankle eversion
| - accessory in ankle plantar flexion
96
origin of fibularis brevis
distal 2/3 of lateral aspect of fibula
97
insertion of fibularis brevis
tuberosity of 5th metatarsal
98
origins of fibularis tertius
- distal 1/3 of anterior aspect of fibula
| - anterior surface of interosseous membrane
99
insertion of fibularis tertius
dorsal aspect of base of 5th metatarsal
100
actions of fibularis tertius
- ankle eversion
| - ankle dorsiflexion
101
origins of soleus
- posterior aspect of head of fibula & proximal 1/4
| - soleal line of tibia
102
action of soleus
ankle plantar flexion
103
origin of tibialis posterior
posterior aspect of tibia underneath the soleal line
104
insertions of tibialis posterior
- navicular tuberosity
- cuneiform bones
- cuboid bone
- base of 2nd-4th metatarsals
105
actions of tibialis posterior
- ankle plantar flexion
| - ankle inversion
106
origin of flexor digitorum longus
posteromedial aspect of tibia underneath the soleal line
107
insertion of flexor digitorum longus
plantar aspect of P3 in toes 2-5
108
actions of flexor digitorum longus
- ankle plantar flexion
- ankle inversion
- toe flexion
109
origins of flexor hallucis longus
- posterior 2/3 of fibula
| - posterior 2/3 of interosseous membrane
110
insertion of flexor hallucis longus
plantar aspect of P2 of hallux
111
actions of flexor hallucis longus
- ankle plantar flexion
- ankle inversion
- hallux flexion
112
origins of extensor digitorum brevis & extensor hallucis brevis
- superior aspect of calcaneum
| - extensor retinaculum
113
insertion of extensor digitorum brevis
tendons of extensor digitorum longus
114
action of extensor digitorum brevis
toe extension
115
insertion of extensor hallucis brevis
dorsal aspect of P1 base in hallux
116
action of extensor hallucis brevis
extension in hallux
117
origin of dorsal interossei
1st-5th metatarsals
118
insertion of dorsal interossei
P1 in 2nd-4th toes
119
actions of dorsal interossei
- toe extension
| - abduction of 2nd-4th toes
120
origins of abductor digiti minimi, abductor hallucis, & flexor digitorum brevis
- plantar aspect of calcaneum
| - plantar aponeurosis
121
insertion of abductor digiti minimi
lateral aspect base of P1 5th toe
122
actions of abductor digiti minimi
abduction of 5th toe
123
insertion of abductor hallucis
medial aspect of P1 base of big toe
124
actions of abductor hallucis
bie toe abduction
125
insertion of flexor digitorum brevis
either side of P2 in 2nd-5th toes
126
action of flexor digitorum brevis
toe flexion
127
origin of quadratus plantae
plantar aspect of calcaneus
128
insertion of quadratus plantae
tendons of flexor digitorum longus
129
action of quadratus plantae
toe flexion
130
origin of lumbricals
tendons of flexor digitorum longus
131
insertion of lumbricals
tendons of extensor digitorum longus
132
action of lumbricals
2nd-5th toe extension
133
origins of adductor hallucis
oblique head:
- base of 2nd-4th metatarsals
transverse head:
- metarsopholangeal ligament of toes 3-5
134
insertion of adductor hallucis
lateral aspect of P1 base of hallux
135
action of adductor hallucis
big toe adduction
136
origin of flexor hallucis brevis
- plantar aspect of cuboid
| - plantar aspect of lateral cuneiform
137
insertion of flexor hallucis brevis
either side of P1 base in hallux
138
action of flexor hallucis brevis
big toe flexion
139
origin of flexor digiti minimi
base of 5th metatarsal
140
insertion of flexor digiti minimi
either side of P1 base in 2nd-5th toes
141
action of flexor digiti minimi
toe flexion
142
origin of plantar interossei
base & medial aspect of 3rd-5th metatarsals
143
insertion of plantar interossei
medial asepct of P1 base in 3rd-5th toes
144
actions of plantar interossei
- adduction in 3rd-5th toes
| - toe extension
