upper extremity - shoulder complex Flashcards
(132 cards)
1
Q
how does the shoulder girdle attach onto the thorax?
A
sternoclavicular and scapulothoracic joints
2
Q
attachment through sternoclavicular joint onto thorax
A
this is the only true attachment of the entire upper body onto the thorax
3
Q
what does the shoulder girdle consist of?
A
2 clavicles and 2 scapulae on on either side of the body
4
Q
role of the shoulder girdle?
A
provides stability & mobility for muscles of the glenohumeral joints
5
Q
what does the clavicle articulate with?
A
the manubrium of the sternum & the acromion of the scapula
6
Q
how does the clavicle articulate with the manubrium?
A
through the sternoclavicular joint
7
Q
what kind of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
A
a saddle joint
8
Q
movements allowed by the sternoclavicular joint
A
elevation/depression;
protraction/retraction;
anterior/posterior rotation along frontal axis in sagittal plane
9
Q
how does the clavicle articulate with the acromion?
A
through the acromioclavicular joint
10
Q
what kind of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
A
a planar joint
11
Q
movements allowed by the acromioclavicular joint
A
gliding in all directions to assist sternoclavicular & scapulothoracic joints in providing mobility to glenohumeral joint
12
Q
what is the clavicle’s purpose?
A
serves as attachments for multiple muscles & ligaments of the upper extremity
13
Q
what does the scapula articulate with?
A
with the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint
14
Q
what does the scapula come into contact with?
A
the posterior aspect of the rib cage
15
Q
what is the scapula’s purpose?
A
serves as a muscle attachment site for many of the shoulder joints muscles
16
Q
what are the specific motions of the scapula?
A
upward/downward rotations; internal/external rotations; anterior/posterior tilts; elevation/depression; abduction/adduction
17
Q
what stabilizes the sternoclavicular joint?
A
anterior & posterior sternoclavicular ligaments;
articular disc;
interclavicular ligaments;
anterior/posterior costoclavicular ligament
18
Q
what are the movements allowed by the sternoclavicular joint?
A
elevation/depression;
protraction/retraction;
anterior/posterior rotation
19
Q
what is the range of motion for elevation/depression in the sternoclavicular joint?
A
elevation: 35°-45°
depression: 10°
20
Q
what is the range of motion for protraction/retraction in the sternoclavicular joint?
A
15°-30° for both protraction & retraction
21
Q
what is the range of motion for anterior/posterior rotation in the sternoclavicular joint?
A
anterior rotation: N/A
posterior rotation: 20°-35°
22
Q
what stabilizes the acromioclavicular joint?
A
presence of a disc;
acromioclavicular ligaments;
coracoacromial ligaments;
coracoclavicular ligaments
23
Q
what are the coracoclavicular ligaments?
A
conoid (medial) and trapezoid (lateral) ligaments
24
Q
what joints does the shoulder complex depend on?
A
- glenohumeral joint
- sternoclavicular joint
- acromioclavicular joint
- scapulothoracic joint
25
what does the latissimus dorsi attach onto?
iliac crest & thoracolumbar fascia
26
what are the ligaments found in the glenohumeral joint?
superior, middle, & inferior glenohumeral ligaments & the coracohumeral ligament
27
does the glenohumeral joint provide stability or mobility?
mobility
28
distal attachments for superior glenohumeral ligament
anatomic neck;
| above lesser tubercle
29
primary motions of superior glenohumeral ligament
external rotation; inferior/anterior translations of humeral head
30
distal attachments for middle glenohumeral ligament
along anterior aspect of anatomic neck & blends with subscapularis tendon
31
primary motions of middle glenohumeral ligament
external rotation;
| anterior translation of humeral head in 45°-90° of abduction
32
distal attachment for inferior glenohumeral ligament
broad sheet to the anterior-inferior/posterior-inferior margins of anatomic neck
33
what are the three parts of the inferior glenohumeral ligament?
1. axillary pouch
2. anterior band
3. posterior band
34
primary motion of axillary pouch of the inferior glenohumeral ligament in the glenohumeral joint
90° of abduction &
| anterior/posterior & inferior translations
35
primary motion of anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament in the glenohumeral joint
90° of abduction;
full external rotation;
anterior translation of humeral head
36
primary motion of posterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament in the glenohumeral joint
90° of abduction & full internal rotation
37
distal attachment for coracohumeral ligament in glenohumeral joint
anterior side of tubercle;
| blends with superior capsule & supraspinatus tendon
38
primary motion of coracohumeral ligament in glenohumeral joint
external rotation & inferior translation of humeral head
39
what is the range of motion for flexion/extension in the glenohumeral joint?
flexion: 180°
extension: 65°
40
what is the range of motion for abduction/adduction in the glenohumeral joint?
abduction: 180°
adduction: 50°-75°
41
what is the range of motion for internal/external rotation in the glenohumeral joint?
internal rotation: 75°-85°
| external rotation: 60°-90°
42
what muscles have significant action on the scapulothoracic joint?
elevators, depressors, protractors, retractors, & upward/downward rotators
43
what are the elevator muscles of the shoulder girdle?
upper trapezius;
levator scapulae;
major/minor rhomboids
44
what are the depressor muscles of the shoulder girdle?
lower trapezius;
latissimus dorsi;
pectoralis minor;
subclavius
45
what is the protractor muscle of the shoulder girdle?
serratus anterior
46
what are the retractor muscles of the shoulder girdle?
middle trapezius;
major/minor rhomboids;
lower trapezius
47
what are the upward rotator muscles of the shoulder girdle?
serratus anterior & the upper/lower trapezius
48
what are the downward rotator muscles of the shoulder girdle?
major rhomboid & pectoralis minor
49
origin of upper trapezius
external occipital protuberance;
ligamentum nuchae;
spinous processes of C2-C7
50
insertion of upper trapezius
acromion and clavicle
51
actions of upper trapezius
elevation & upper rotation of scapula; elevation, posterior rotation, & retraction of clavicle
52
origin of levator scapulae
transverse processes of C1-C4
53
insertion of levator scapulae
superior angle of scapula
54
action of levator scapulae
elevation of scapula
55
origin of rhomboid minor
spinous processes of C7-T1
56
insertion of rhomboid minor
medial border of scapular spine
57
actions of rhomboid minor
retraction and elevation of scapula
58
origin of rhomboid major
spinous processes of T2-T5
59
origin of rhomboid major
spinous processes of T2-T5
60
insertion of rhomboid major
medial border of scapular spine
61
actions of rhomboid major
retraction & elevation of scapula
62
origin of lower trapezius
spinous processes of T4-T12
63
insertion of lower trapezius
spine of scapula
64
actions of lower trapezius
retraction, depression, & upward rotation of scapula
65
origins of latissimus dorsi
spinous processes of T6-L5;
ribs 10-12;
iliac crest (via thoracolumbar aponeurosis)
66
insertions of latissimus dorsi
inferior angle of scapula;
| medial border of intertubercular groove (humerus)
67
actions of latissimus dorsi
depression of scapula;
| extension, adduction, & internal rotation of humerus
68
origin of serratus anterior
ribs 8-9
69
insertion of serratus anterior
anterior surface of medial border of scapula
70
actions of serratus anterior
protraction & upward rotation
71
what is the purpose of the actions for the serratus anterior muscle?
maintains the scapula is in contact with thoracic wall
72
origin of pectoralis minor
anterior surface of ribs 3-5
73
insertion of pectoralis minor
coracoid process of scapula
74
actions of pectoralis minor
protraction & downward rotation
75
origin of middle trapezius
spinous processes of C7-T4
76
insertion of middle trapezius
acromion & spine of scapula
77
actions of middle trapezius
retraction & upward rotation of scapula
78
which muscles act on the clavicle?
upper trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, anterior deltoid, pectoralis major, & subclavius
79
origin of subclavius
1st rib
80
insertion of subclavius
inferior surface of clavicle (subclavian groove)
81
action of subclavius
depression & protraction of the clavicle
82
what are the types of muscles found in the shoulder?
flexors/extensors, abductors/adductors, external/internal rotators, & rotator cuff muscles
83
origins of pectoralis major
medial 1/3 of clavicle;
sternum;
cartilage of ribs 1-7
84
insertion of pectoralis major
lateral border of intertubercular groove
85
actions of pectoralis major
flexion, adduction, internal rotation, & horizontal adduction of the shoulder; depression & protraction of clavicle
86
origin of anterior deltoid
lateral 1/3 of clavicle
87
insertion of anterior deltoid
deltoid tuberosity
88
actions of anterior deltoid
flexion, internal rotation, & horizontal adduction of the shoulder; depression of clavicle
89
origin of biceps brachii
supraglenoid tubercle (on labrum)
90
insertion of biceps brachii
radial tuberosity & biceps aponeurosis
91
actions of biceps brachii
flexion & abduction of the shoulder; flexion & supination in forearm
92
origin of coracobrachialis
coracoid process of scapula
93
insertion of coracobrachialis
anteromedial surface of humeral distal to crest of lesser tubercle
94
actions of coracobrachialis
flexion & adduction of the shoulder
95
origin of latissimus dorsi
spinous processes of T6-L5;
ribs 10-12;
iliac crest via thoracolumbar aponeurosis
96
insertion of latissimus dorsi
inferior angle of scapula;
| medial border of intertubercular groove
97
actions of latissimus dorsi
depression of scapula;
| extension, adduction, & internal rotation of humerus
98
origin of teres major
posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
99
insertion of teres major
medial border of intertubercular groove
100
actions of teres major
extension, adduction & internal rotation of humerus
101
origin of triceps brachii
infraglenoid tubercle
102
insertion of triceps brachii
olecranon (ulna)
103
actions of triceps brachii
elbow extension;
| extension & adduction of shoulder
104
origin of posterior deltoid
inferior border of scapular spine
105
insertion of posterior deltoid
deltoid tuberosity
106
actions of posterior deltoid
extension & external rotation of the shoulder
107
origin of middle deltoid
lateral border of acromion
108
insertion of middle deltoid
deltoid tuberosity
109
action of middle deltoid
abduction of the shoulder
110
origin of supraspinatus
supraspinous fossa of the scapula
111
insertion of supraspinatus
superior portion of the greater tubercle
112
actions of supraspinatus
first 15° degrees of abduction;
| external rotation in shoulder
113
origin of teres minor
lateral border of posterior surface of scapula
114
insertion of teres minor
greater tubercle
115
actions of teres minor
lateral rotation of shoulder
116
origin of infraspinatus
infraspinous fossa of scapula
117
insertion of infraspinatus
greater tubercle
118
actions of infraspinatus
lateral rotation of shoulder
119
origin of subscapularis
subscapular fossa (anterior face of scapula)
120
insertion of subscapularis
lesser tubercle
121
actions of subscapularis
medial rotation & adduction of the shoulder
122
which muscles are part of the rotator cuff
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
123
stabilizing action of supraspinatus at glenohumeral joint
compresses humeral head against glenoid fossa;
| restricts superior translation of humerus
124
stabilizing action of infraspinatus at glenohumeral joint
exerts a depressive force on the humeral head
125
stabilizing action of teres minor at glenohumeral joint
exerts a depressive force on the humeral head
126
stabilizing action of subscapularis at glenohumeral joint
exerts a depressive force on the humeral head
127
associated adverse kinematic effect of reduced activation of serratus anterior, middle, & lower trapezius
reduced upward rotation, posterior tilt, & external rotation of scapula
128
associated adverse kinematic effect of excessive activation of upper trapezius
reduced posterior rotation of the clavicle
129
associated adverse kinematic effect of reduced activation/degeneration of rotator cuff muscles
excessive superior migration of humeral head during abduction/flexion;
reduced external rotation of glenohumeral joint during abduction/flexion
130
associated adverse kinematic effect of tightness of posterior capsule of glenoidhumeral joint & posterior rotator cuff muscles
abnormal position of humeral head relative to glenoid fossa;
excessive internal rotation of scapula
131
associated adverse kinematic effect of tightness of pectoralis minor or short head of biceps
excessive internal rotation or anterior tilt of scapula
132
associated adverse kinematic effect of excessive thoracic kyphosis
excessive internal/anterior tilt &
| reduced upward rotation of scapula
