Basics

Question 1

Factors in Selecting an Antimicrobial Regimen (chimps)

Answer 1

Collect specimens from most likely body sites.
History and physical examination to identify the signs and symptoms of the infection.
Identify the source and site of the infection.
Medical or social conditions.
Pathogen.
Susceptibility testing Grow the causative organism in culture and perform antibiotic

Question 2

Bactericidal

Answer 2

An antimicrobial drug that can eradicate an infection in the absence of host defense mechanisms; kills bacteria

Question 3

Bacteriostatic

Answer 3

An antimicrobial drug that inhibits antimicrobial growth but requires host defense mechanisms to eradicate the infection; does not kill bacteria

Question 4

Beta-lactam antibiotics

Answer 4

Drugs with structures containing a beta-lactam ring: includes the penicillins, cephalosporins and carbapenems. This ring must be intact for antimicrobial action

Question 5

Beta-lactamases

Answer 5

Bacterial enzymes (penicillinases, cephalosporinases) that hydrolyze the beta-lactam ring of certain penicillins and cephalosporins; confer resistance

Question 6

Beta-lactam inhibitors

Answer 6

Potent inhibitors of some bacterial beta-lactamases used in combinations to protect hydrolyzable penicillins from inactivation (Zosyn, Augmentin and Unasyn)

Question 7

ECSTaTiC bacteriostatic

Answer 7

Erythromycin
Clindamycin
Sulfonamides
Trimethoprim
Tetracyclines
Chloramphenicol

Question 8

Very ProFicient At Complete Cell Murder
Bacteriacidal

Answer 8

Vancomycin
Penicillins
Fluoroquinilones
Aminoglycosides
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Metronidazole

Question 9

Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)

Answer 9

Lowest concentration of antimicrobial drug capable of inhibiting growth of an organism in a defined growth medium.

Bacterial growth may be inhibited following exposure to an antibiotic even after the drug concentration has fallen below the MIC.

Question 10

Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)

Answer 10

Bacterial cytoplasmic membrane proteins that act as the initial receptors for penicillins and other beta-lactam antibiotics

Basically bacteria proteins penicillin wants to eat

Question 11

Peptidoglycan

Answer 11

chains of polysaccharides and polypeptides that are cross-linked to form the bacterial cell wall

Question 12

Selective toxicity

Answer 12

More toxic to the invader than to the host; a property of useful antibiotics

Question 13

Post-antibiotic effect (PAE)

Answer 13

Persistent suppression of bacterial growth after a brief exposure (1 or 2 hours) of bacteria to an antibiotic even in the absence of host defense mechanisms.

Question 14

Anti microbial Resistance

Answer 14

Bacterial enzyme production
Decreased membrane permeability
Promotion of antibiotic efflux
Altered target sites/protection of target sites
Altered target enzymes
Overproduction of target enzymes