Basics of Chemistry & Physics - Session 1 - Quiz 1

Question 1

Newton’s First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia)

Answer 1

An object at rest remains at rest until a force acts upon it

Question 2

Velocity

Answer 2

How position of object changes with time

Question 3

Vectors…

Answer 3

Have both magnitude and direction, can be added together

Question 4

Acceleration

Answer 4

How velocity changes with time

Question 5

Force

Answer 5

Push or pull, related to mass by Newton’s Second Law. Required for acceleration.

Question 6

Force Formula

Answer 6

F = ma

• F*: force
• m*: mass
• a*: acceleration

Question 7

Gravity

Answer 7

Universal attraction between all objects, related to Newton’s Third Law

Question 8

Newton’s Third Law of Motion

Answer 8

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Question 9

Gravity of Earth

Answer 9

9.8 m/s² = 32.2 ft./s²

Question 10

Weight

Answer 10

Gravitational force exerted on an object by a larger object, calculated using Newton’s Second Law

Question 11

Formula for Weight

Answer 11

W = mg

• W*: weight
• m*: mass (kg)
• g*: gravity (m/s²)

Question 12

Pressure can be increased by…

Answer 12

Increasing applied force or decreasing the area force is applied

Question 13

Pressure can be decreased by…

Answer 13

Decreasing applied force or increasing the area forced is applied

Question 14

1 atm = ? torr

Answer 14

760 torr

Question 15

760 torr = ? mmHg

Answer 15

760 mmHg

Question 16

Formula for Pressure

Answer 16

Pressure = Force/Area

Question 17

How does a Barometer work?

Answer 17

Atomospheric pressure pushes down on mercury reservoir, which forces murcury column higher

Question 18

How does a Manometer work?

Answer 18

Measures pressure differences. Connect one end to system being measured and leave other end open to atomsphere then measure height difference

Question 19

How does Bourdon Gauge work?

Answer 19

Aneroid style gauge commonly found on gas cylinders. Coiled tube coupled to pointer measures difference between pressure exerted by gas and atomspheric pressure.

Question 20

P_{total =}

Answer 20

P_gauge + P_atm

Question 21

Work

Answer 21

Expenditure of energy. Force acting through a distance.

Question 22

Formula for Work

Answer 22

W = F x d

• W*: work (J)
• F*: force
• d*: distance

Question 23

Kinetic Energy

Answer 23

Energy of motion

Question 24

Energy

Answer 24

Capacity for doing work. Cannot be lost, but converted

Question 25

calorie

Answer 25

Amount of energy needed to raise temperature of 1 g of water by 1 degree Celsius

Question 26

Law of Conservation of Energy

Answer 26

Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but only converted to other kinds of energy

Question 27

Internal Energy

Answer 27

Sum of all kinetic and potential energies of a system

Question 28

Thermodynamics

Answer 28

Study of energy, how it is interconverted to different forms, and how it flows in/out of thermodynamic systems

Question 29

Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 29

2 objects A/B are same temperature. B/C are same temperatue. A/C are equal temperature (thermal equilibrium) and no heat will flow between A/C.

Question 30

First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 30

Change in internal energy is equal to sum of heat flow of system and work by/on system.

Question 31

Formula for Change in Internal Energy

Answer 31

**Δ*U* = *Q + W*** * Δ​U*: change internal energy * Q*: heat * W*: work

Question 32

Endothermic

Answer 32

*Q* \> 0 Energy flows into system

Question 33

Exothermic

Answer 33

*Q* \< 0 Energy flows out of system

Question 34

Expansion

Answer 34

*W* \< 0 Work done by system

Question 35

Compression

Answer 35

*W* \> 0 Work done on the system

Question 36

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 36

Heat will spontaneously flow from hot object to cold object. Disorder will never be seen to decrease

Question 37

Entropy

Answer 37

Measure of randomness or disorder

Question 38

Third Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 38

It is impossible to lower the temperature of an object to absolute 0

Question 39

Kinetic Molecular Theory

Answer 39

An ideal gas will have a temperature proportional to the kinetic energy of the molecules in that gas sample

Question 40

Heat Capacity

Answer 40

Heat required to raise temperature of a given material

Question 41

Types of Heat Transfer

Answer 41

* Radiation 40% * Convection 30% * Conduction 20% * Evaporation 10%

Question 42

Convection

Answer 42

Heat transfer caused by movement of liquid or gas EX: air above heat source/flame

Question 43

Conduction

Answer 43

Transfer of heat by direct interaction of molecules in hot area w/ molecules in cooler area. Thermal conductivity of a material is the measure of efficiency EX: Placing patient on cold table = cools patient

Question 44

Radiation

Answer 44

Energy emitted from an object. Requires no physical medium or contact.

Question 45

Evaporation

Answer 45

Heat lost through Respiration

Question 46

Thermal Expansion

Answer 46

Increase in heat will cause object to expand. Expansion is constant and in all directions

Question 47

Power

Answer 47

Rate of doing work or expending energy

Question 48

Forumla for Power (watt)

Answer 48

***P*** **= *W*/*t*** * P*: average power * W*: work * t*: time

Question 49

Heat Capacity Formula

Answer 49

*C* = *Q*/*ΔT*

Question 50

Newton's Second Law of Motion

Answer 50

Acceleration depends on two things: net force acting on object and mass of object

Question 51

Specific Heat

Answer 51

Amount of heat (Q) needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of material by one degree Celsius