Bates Tables- Lungs and Thorax

Question 1

What chest pains are retrosternal?

Answer 1

Angina Pectoris, Myocardial Infarction, Pericarditis, Reflex Esophagitis, Diffuse Esophageal Spasm

Question 2

What are the 3 types of persistent chest pain?

Answer 2

Pericarditis, Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm, Pleuritic Pain

Question 3

What is pericarditis?

Answer 3

Irritation of parietal pleura adjacent to the pericardium

Question 4

What two chest pains are described as sharp and knife-like?

Answer 4

Pericarditis, Pleuritic Pain

Question 5

Where is pain felt in Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm?

Answer 5

Anterior chest, radiating to the neck, back, or abdomen

Question 6

Define tracheobronchitis

Answer 6

Inflammation of trachea and large bronchi

Question 7

Where is tracheobronchitis pain?

Answer 7

Upper sternal or on either side of the sternum

Question 8

What 2 types of chest pain are described as stabbing, sticking, or dull, aching?

Answer 8

Chest Wall Pain (Costochondritis) and Anxiety

Question 9

What is a diffuse esophageal spasm?

Answer 9

Motor dysfunction of the esophageal muscle

Question 10

What two chest pains feel like burning?

Answer 10

Tracheobronchitis and Reflex Esophagitis

Question 11

What chest pain is usually 1-3 minutes but up to 10 min?

Answer 11

Angina Pectoris

Question 12

The factors that aggravate this kind of chest pain are deep inspiration, coughing, movements of the trunk

Answer 12

pleuritic pain

Question 13

What are factors that aggravate diffuse esophageal spasms?

Answer 13

swallowing of food or cold liquid; emotional stress

Question 14

Chest wall Pain (costochrondritis) is aggravated by….

Answer 14

movement of chest, trunk, arms

Question 15

Coughing aggravates this type of chest pain.

Answer 15

Tracheobronchitis

Also associated with Pericarditis, Pleuritic pain

Question 16

Breathing, changing position, coughing, lying down, sometimes swallowing aggravate what type of chest pain?

Answer 16

pericarditis

Question 17

What type of chest pain will nitroglycerin and rest alleviate?

Answer 17

Angina Pectoris

Question 18

What is reflux esophagitis?

Answer 18

inflammation of the esophageal mucosa by reflux of gastric acid

Question 19

What alleviates tracheobronchitis?

Answer 19

lying on the involved side

Question 20

What chest pain will be alleviated by sitting forward?

Answer 20

pericarditis

Question 21

Reflex esophagitis can be relieved by…

Answer 21

antacids, sometimes belching

Question 22

What two chest pains have symptoms of dyspnea, nausea, and sweating?

Answer 22

Angina Pectoris and Myocardial infarction

Question 23

Hypertension can aggravate this type of chest pain

Answer 23

Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm

Question 24

What are associated conditions of pericarditis?

Answer 24

seen in autoimmune disorders, post-myocardial infarction, viral infection, chest irradiation

Question 25

What chest pain has cough as a symptom, and is also aggravated by coughing?

Answer 25

tracheobronchitis

Question 26

What are symptoms of anxiety?

Answer 26

breathlessness, palpitations, weakness, anxiety

Question 27

What chest pain has symptoms of regurgitation and dysphagia?

Answer 27

reflex esophagitis

Question 28

What is the symptom of diffuse esophageal spasm?

Answer 28

dysphagia

Question 29

What are symptoms of anxiety with hyperventilation?

Answer 29

sighing, lightheadedness, numbness or tingling of the hands and feet, palpitations, chest pain

Question 30

What is the setting of Left-sided heart failure?

Answer 30

history of heart disease or its predisposing factors

Question 31

What is the timing of chronic bronchitis?

Answer 31

chronic productive cough followed by slowly progressive dyspnea

Question 32

What aggravates COPD?

Answer 32

exertion

Question 33

What is a spontaneous pneumothorax?

Answer 33

leakage of air into pleural space through blebs on visceral pleura, with resulting partial or complete collapse of the lung

Question 34

What two dyspnea conditions have a sudden onset of dyspnea?

Answer 34

spontaneous pneumothorax and acute pulmonary embolism

Question 35

What is inflammation of lung parenchyma from the respiratory bronchioles to the alveoli?

Answer 35

pneumonia

Question 36

What aggravates asthma?

Answer 36

allergens, irritants, respiratory infections, exercise, and emotion

Question 37

Symptoms of this type of dyspnea are cough, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and sometimes wheezing

Answer 37

Left-sided heart failure

Question 38

What is the setting of an acute pulmonary embolism?

Answer 38

postpartum or postoperative periods, prolonged bed rest, heart failure, chronic lung disease, fractures of hip/leg, deep vein thrombosis

Question 39

What type of dyspnea has symptoms of a cough with scant mucoid sputum?

Answer 39

COPD

Question 40

What are the symptoms of pneumonia?

Answer 40

pleuritic pain, cough, sputum, fever

Question 41

What two acute inflammations have a dry cough that may become productive?

Answer 41

laryngitis, tracheobronchitis

Question 42

What type of cough is mycoplasma and viral pneumonias?

Answer 42

dry hacking cough that often becomes productive with mucoid sputum

Question 43

What acute inflammation has sputum that is mucoid or purulent and can be blood-streaked, pinkish, or rusty?

Answer 43

bacterial pneumonias

Question 44

What four inflammations have a chronic cough?

Answer 44

postnasal drip, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, gastroesophageal reflux

Question 45

What coughs can cause blood-streaked or bloody sputum?

Answer 45

chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, pulmonary tuberculosis, lung abscess, cancer of the lung

Question 46

What has purulent sputum that is copious and foul-smelling?

Answer 46

bronchiectasis

Question 47

What has a chronic cough especially at night or early in the morning?

Answer 47

gastroesophageal reflux

Question 48

What two inflammations produce foul-smelling sputum?

Answer 48

bronchiectasis, lung abscess

Question 49

What specific bacterial pneumonia causes sticky, red, and jellylike sputum?

Answer 49

Klebsiella

Question 50

Left ventricular failure or mitral stenosis produce what type of sputum?

Answer 50

pink frothy sputum once disorder has progressed

Question 51

Name the disorder. It has a dry to productive cough with sputum that may be dark, bright red, or mixed with blood

Answer 51

Pulmonary emboli

Question 52

What inflammation is associated with recurrent bronchopulmonary infections?

Answer 52

bronchiectasis

Question 53

What are the symptoms and setting of a lung abscess?

Answer 53

a febrile illness; often poor dental hygiene and a prior episode of impaired consciousness

Question 54

What inflammation has wheezing (espcially at night), early morning hoarseness, repeated attempts to clear throat?

Answer 54

gastroesophageal reflux

Question 55

Identify the symptoms of mycoplasma and viral pneumonias

Answer 55

acute febrile illness with malaise, headache, and possibly dyspnea

Question 56

identify the symptoms of bacterial pneumonias (including Klebsiella)

Answer 56

- an acute illness with chills, high fever, dyspnea, and chest pain (often preceded by acute upper respiratory infection) - Klebsiella associated with older alcoholic men

Question 57

What are later symptoms of pulmonary TB?

Answer 57

anorexia, weight loss, fatigue, fever, night sweats

Question 58

What two conditions are associated with wheezing?

Answer 58

asthma and gastroesophageal reflux

Question 59

What disorders are associated with smoking?

Answer 59

chronic bronchitis and lung cancer

Question 60

Name the symptoms and setting of pulmonary emboli

Answer 60

dyspnea, anxiety, chest pain, fever; factors that predispose to deep venous thrombosis

Question 61

What deformity of the thorax may cause murmurs by compressing the heart and great vessels?

Answer 61

funnel chest

Question 62

What deformity of thorax if normal in infancy and occurs in aging and COPD?

Answer 62

barrel chest

Question 63

What is thoracic kyphoscoliosis?

Answer 63

abnormal spinal curvatures and vertebral rotation that deforms the chest making it hard to interpret lung findings

Question 64

Multiple rib fractures resulting in paradoxical movements of the thorax are a result of what thorax deformity?

Answer 64

traumatic flail chest

Question 65

Describe the movement of the thorax with a traumatic flail chest

Answer 65

on inspiration the injured area caves inward and on expiration it moves outward

Question 66

When doing an egophony test on an airless lung what would you hear?

Answer 66

spoken "ee" heard as "ay"

Question 67

What is the normal lung sound for the whispered pectoriloquy test?

Answer 67

whispered words faint and indistinct

Question 68

What state of the lung (normal or airless) would cause spoken words to be louder with the bronchophony test?

Answer 68

airless lung

Question 69

When do you notice an increased tactile fremitus?

Answer 69

in airless lung

Question 70

What are two explanations for crackles?

Answer 70

1. when small airways pop open during inspiration after being deflated during expiration 2. result from air bubbles flowing through secretions or lightly closed airways during respiration

Question 71

What are causes of early inspiratory crackles?

Answer 71

chronic bronchitis and asthma

Question 72

What is the lung sound that appears and ends soon after inspiration and is often coarse sounding?

Answer 72

early inspiratory crackles

Question 73

What sound is associated with bronchiecstasis?

Answer 73

midinspiratory and expiratory crackles

Question 74

Name the lung sound: being in 1st half of inspiration but continue into late inspiration; usually fine, profuse, and persist breath to breath, 1st appear at base of lungs

Answer 74

late inspiratory crackles

Question 75

What are causes of wheezes?

Answer 75

asthma, chronic bronchitis, COPD, heart failure

Question 76

What is stridor?

Answer 76

a wheeze entirely or predominantly inspiratory that indicates a partial obstruction of the larynx or trachea

Question 77

The sound when air flow rapidly through bronchi that are narrowed nearly to the point of closure

Answer 77

wheeze

Question 78

The lung sound is that low pitched with a snoring quality is...

Answer 78

rhonchi

Question 79

A pleural rub sounds like...

Answer 79

creaking noises during expiration and is usually heard during both phases of respiration

Question 80

What causes pleural rubs?

Answer 80

inflamed & roughened pleural surfaces grating against each other

Question 81

What sound does a pleural rub resemble?

Answer 81

crackles

Question 82

What are Mediastinal Crunch? Also called Hamman's sign

Answer 82

series of precordial crackles synchronous with the heart beat but not respiration

Question 83

What position is Mediastinal crunch (Hamman's sign) best heard in?

Answer 83

left lateral position

Question 84

Define consolidation

Answer 84

alveoli fill with fluid or blood cells as in pneumonia, pulmonary edema, or pulmonary hemorrhage

Question 85

What chest disorders sound dull with percussion?

Answer 85

consolidation, atelectasis, pleural effusion

Question 86

What chest disorders sound resonant with percussion?

Answer 86

normal, chronic bronchitis, early left sided heart failure

Question 87

What chest disorders sound hyperresonant with percussion?

Answer 87

Pneumothorax, COPD, asthma