1.Complete War of the Roses > battles key info > Flashcards

battles key info Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the first battle of st albans?

A

22nd may 1455

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2
Q

how many lanc. troops were at the first battle of st albans?

22nd may 1455

A

2000

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3
Q

who fought for the lancastrians at the first battle of st albans?

22nd may 1455

A
  • Humphrey Stafford: Duke of Buckingham, leader of Lancastrian army
  • Earl of Northumberland: Henry Percy
  • Lord Clifford: Thomas Clifford
  • Duke of Somerset: Edmund Beaufort
  • Earl of Wiltshire: James Butler
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4
Q

how many men were in the yorkist army at the first battle of st albans?

22nd may 1455

A

3000

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5
Q

who led the yorkist army at the first battle of st albans?

22nd may 1455

A
  • Richard Duke of York: leader of Yorkist army
  • Earl of Warwick: Richard Neville
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6
Q

who died at the first battle of st albans?

22nd may 1455

A
  • Duke of Somerset: Edmund Beaufort
  • Earl of Northumberland: Henry Percy
  • Lord Clifford: Thomas Clifford
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7
Q

what was the impact of the first battle of st albans?

22nd may 1455

A
  • relatively minor in military terms
  • complete victory for York and Warwick politically as HVI had been captured and York restored himself to complete power.
  • started blood feuds which became a major part of the war
  • precedent established that military action against royal forces could go unpunished
  • Margaret became increasingly afraid of York
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8
Q

when was the battle of blore heath?

A

23rd september 1459

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9
Q

who led the yorkists at the battle of blore heath?

23rd september 1459

A

Earl of Salisbury

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10
Q

who led the lancastrians at the battle of blore heath?

A
  • lord dudley
  • lord audley (james tuchet)
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11
Q

who died at the battle of blore heath?

A

lord audley

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12
Q

who led the lancastrians at the rout of ludford bridge?

A
  • York
  • Edmund of Rutland
  • Salisbury
  • Warwick
  • March
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13
Q

when was the rout of ludford bridge?

A

12th october 1459

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14
Q

when was the battle of newnham bridge?

A

23rd april 1460

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15
Q

when was the battle of northampton?

A

10th july 1460

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16
Q

who fought for the yorkists at the battle of northampton?

A
  • Earl of Salisbury (Richard Neville)
  • Earl of Warwick (Richard Neville)
  • Edward of March
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17
Q

who fought for the lancastrians at the battle of northampton?

A
  • Duke of Buckingham
  • Lord Beaumont
  • Earl of Shrewsbury
  • Lord Egremont
  • Henry VI
  • Queen Margaret
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18
Q

who died at the battle of northampton?

A
  • Lord Beaumont
  • Duke of Buckingham
  • Earl of Shresbury
  • Lord Egremont
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19
Q

what was the impact of the battle of northampton?

A
  • less than 300 men died, but this included Buckingham, Shrewsbury, Egremont, and Beaumont
  • HVI captured by Yorkists; with the king, they could assume the pose of loyal subjects, nominate a new ministry, and throw the odium of disloyalty upon their opponents.
  • Lord Grey defected to Yorkists as they promised to support him
  • Margaret and Edward of Wales still at large, and northern lords still under arms
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20
Q

when was the battle of wakefield?

A

30th december 1460

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21
Q

who fought for the yorkists at the battle of wakefield?

A
  • Richard of York
  • Edmund Earl of Rutland
  • Sir Thomas Neville
  • Lord Harington
  • William Bonville
  • Richard Neville Earl of Salisbury
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22
Q

who fought for the lancastrians at the battle of wakefield?

A
  • maragret of anjou
  • lord clifford
  • john neville of rabys
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23
Q

who died at the battle of wakefield?

A
  • Edmund Earl of Rutland
  • Richard of York
  • Richard Neville Earl of Salisbury
  • Sir Thomas Neville (Salisbury’s second son)
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24
Q

what was the impact of the battle of wakefield?

A
  • major Yorkists killed
  • rallied remainging Yorkists under Edward of March and Richard Neville Earl of Warwick
  • cemented dynastic rivalry of Yorkists and Lancastrians
  • allowed the Yorkists to claim the Act of Accord had been violated
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25
when was the battle of mortimer's cross?
2nd february 1461
26
who led the lancastrians at the battle of mortimer's cross?
- Owen Tudor - Jasper Earl of Pembroke - Earl of Wiltshire, James Butler
27
who led the yorkists at the battle of mortimer's cross?
- Edward of March (now Duke of York) - Sir William Herbert - Sir Walter Devereux
28
who died at the battle of mortimer's cross?
Owen Tudor
29
what was the impact of the battle of mortimer's cross?
- first time Edward of March led a battle; he had come of age - contrast to HVI - Owen Tudor killed; possible motive for Jasper Tudor's revenge - belief of god supporting the Yorkist regime
30
when was the 2nd battle of st albans?
617th february 1461
31
who led the lancastrians at the 2nd battle of st albans?
- Duke of Somerset - Earl of Northumberland - Lord Clifford - Andrew Trollope
32
who led the yorkists at the 2nd battle of st albans?
- Duke of Norfolk - John Neville - earl of warwick
33
what was the impact of the second battle of st albans?
- looting by Lancastrians encouraged reseistance to them when they arrive at London - Lancastrians regained HVI
34
when was the battle of ferrybridge?
28th march 1461
35
# . who fought for the yorkists at the battle of ferrbridge?
- Edward of York - Lord Fauconberg - Lord Blount - Lord Horne
36
who fought for the lancastrians at the battle of ferrybridge?
lord clifford
37
when was the battle of towton?
29th march 1461
38
how large were the yorkist forces at towton?
~25000
39
how large were the lancastrian forces at towton?
Lancastrian numbers may have been over 30,000
40
who led the lancastrians at the battle of towton?
The Duke of Somerset commanded the Lancastrian army, with the Earl of Northumberland, Sir Andrew Trollope and Lord Dacre as his immediate subordinates.
41
who led the yorkists at towton?
Edward, Earl of March, commanded the Yorkist army, with the Earl of Warwick, Lord Fauconberg and the Duke of Norfolk as his immediate subordinates.
42
who died at towton?
Among the Lancastrian nobility, the Earl of Northumberland died of his wounds; Lords Dacre, Westmoreland, Clifford, Neville, de Maulay and Welles were killed. Of the Lancastrian knighthood, Sir Andrew Trollope, Sir Henry Stafford, Sir John Heyton and Sir Richard Percy were killed, among many others. The Lancastrian Earls of Devon and Wiltshire were taken. Both were executed and Devon’s head used to replace that of the Earl of March’s father, the Duke of York, on the Micklegate in York.
43
when was the battle of hedgeley moor?
25 april 1464
44
when was the battle of hexham?
15 may 1464
45
when was the battle of edgecote?
24 july 1469
46
when was the battle of losecoat field?
12 march 1470
47
when was the battle of barnet?
14 paril 1471
48
when was the battle of tewkesbury?
4 may 1471
49
who fought for the lancastrians at the battle of hedgeley moor?
- Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset - ~5000 Lancastrians - Sir Ralph Percy - Lord Robert Hungerford - Lord Thomas Roos - Sir William Tailboys
50
who fought for the yorkists at hedgeley moor?
montagu
51
who died at hedgeley moor?
Sir Ralph Percy
52
what was the impact of the battle of hedgeley moor?
Montagu able to meet scottish envoys
53
who fought for the lancastrians at hexham?
- Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset - Lord Thomas Roos - Lord Robert Hungerford - Sir William Tailboys
54
who fought for the yorkists at hexham?
montagu
55
who died at hexham?
- Somerset captured in immediate pursuit and almost immediately beheaded - Lord Thomas Roos and Lord Robert Hungerford captured in a wood the next day; Sir William Tailboys found hiding in a coal pit with £2000 from Lancastrian war chest - Roos, Hungerford, and Tailboys taken to Newcastle and executed 2 days later - ~30 senior Lancastrians killed in aftermath
56
what was the impact of the battle of hexham?
- Yorkists missed chance to repossess HVI - Series of executions followed, including Somerset's, leaving the Lancastrian party leaderless except from exiled Henry VI and Margaret; Only Sir Ralph Grey and Sir Humphrey Neville Lancastrians still at large however Grey was wounded and Neville surrendered - Montagu's success led to capitulation of great Northumbrian castles of Dunstaborough and Alnwick; Bamborough's defenders (Sir Ralph Grey and Sir Humphrey Neville) obdurate so siege ensued
57
who fought for the lancastrians at edgecote?
- Robin of Redesdale's rebels - Sir Henry FitzHugh (Warwick's nephew) - Sir Henry Neville (Warwick's cousin) - Sir John Conyer's son, John - Sir Henry Neville - Robert Lord Ogle
58
who fought for the yorkists at edgecote?
- Earl of Pembroke, William Herbert - Sir Richard Herbert, Pembroke's brother - Earl of Devon, Humphrey Stafford
59
who died at the battle of edgecote?
- Pembroke and his brother, Sir Richard Herbert, both captured and beheaded at Northampton the day after the battle - Devon escaped but was captured and executed in Somerset a few weeks later - Richard Woodville, Earl Rivers, and his son, Sir John Woodville, captured and executed in Coventry in August - Sir John Conyer's son, John, and Sir Henry Neville killed - Robert Lord Ogle mortally wounded
60
what was the impact of the battle of edgecote?
Edward IV captured; massive defeat for Yorkists
61
who fought for the lancastrians at loescoate?
- Sir Thomas Dymmock - Richard, Lord Welles and Willoughby - rebels
62
who fought for the yorkists at losecoat?
edward iv
63
who died at losecoat?
- Lord Welles, executed in front of both armies - Sir Thomas Dymmock, executed in front of both armies
64
what was the impact of lesocate?
- Edward IV demonstrated his ruthless streak - proof of Warwick and Clarence's disloyalty
65
who fought for the lancastrians at barnet?
- Warwick - Oxford - Montagu - Exeter
66
how large was the lancastrian force at barnet?
~15-20,000 Lancastrians
67
who fought for the yorkists at barnet?
- Edward IV - Hastings - Gloucester
68
how large was the yorkist force at barnet?
~10-12,000 Yorkists
69
who died at barnet?
- Duke of Exeter - Montagu - Earl of Warwick
70
what was the impact of barnet?
- Montagu (strong military leader) killed - Warwick's death ended all remaining resistance to Yorkists - undermined Lancastrians strength/alliances (calls of betrayal)
71
how large was the lancastrian force at tewkesbury?
~6000 Lancastrians
72
how large was the yorkist force at tewkesbury?
~5000 Yorkists
73
who fought for the lancastrians at tewkesbury?
- Duke of Somerset (Edmund Beaufort, brother of Henry Beaufort who died at Hexham) - Lord Wenlock - Prince Edward of Wales - Earl of Devon - John Beaufort, Marquess of Dorset, Somerset's younger brother - Hugh Courtenay, younger brother of the Earl of Devon - Sir John Langstrother, prior of the military order of St John
74
who fought for the yorkists at tewkesbury?
- Richard Duke of Gloucester - Edward IV - George Duke of Clarence - Lord Hastings - Duke of Norfolk
75
how died at tewkesbury?
- Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset - Somerset's younger brother, John Beaufort, Marquess of Dorset, killed on the field - Earl of Devon, killed on the field - Hugh Courtenay, younger brother of the Earl of Devon, put to death in Gloucester and Norfolk's trials after the battle - Prince of Wales found in a grove by Clarence's men; executed despite pleading for his life to Clarence who had sworn allegiance to him in France barely a year before - Sir John Langstrother, prior of the military order of St John, put to death in Gloucester and Norfolk's trials after the battle
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