Beaujolais Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
What were the 5 subregions of Grande Bourgogne pre-French Revolution?
A
- Chablis
- Côte d’Or
- Chalonnaise
- Máconnais
- Beaujolais
2
Q
What happened after the French Revolution?
A
France divided into
1. regions
2. départements
3
Q
Where does Beuajolais sit in the départements?
A
Divided between.
1. Saône et Loire
2. Rhône-Alpes
4
Q
Do wine regions correspond with administrative boundaries?
A
No
eg Beaujolais split between Loire and Rhône départements
5
Q
What are the 2 organizations that promote Bourgogne and Beaujolais?
A
- BIVB - Burea Interprofessionnel de Vins be Bourgogne
- Inter Beaujolais
Operate independently
6
Q
Can Beaujolais grapes be used in regional Bourgogne AOC?
A
Certain communities in Beaujolais are allowed except for Bourgogne Aligoté (phased out in 2035)
7
Q
How and when did Beaujolais set itself apart?
A
Carbonic maceration
1950s
8
Q
Who created carbonic maceration?
A
Jules Chauver
9
Q
Why did Jules Chauver invent carbonic maceration?
A
Wanted to make it easy to identify color.
10
Q
When was the peak for Beaujolais Nouveau?
A
1999
10
Q
Who invented the INAO / ISO glass for tasting?
A
Jule Chauver (carbonic maceration fame)
10
Q
Who is the father of natural wines?
A
Jules Chauver (carbonic maceration fame)
11
Q
When was Beaujolais Nouveau (carbonic maceration) 1st introduced?
A
1951
12
Q
Where is Beaujolais experimental station for Gamay?
A
Château de l’Éclair
-Has over 1000 Gamay variants
13
Q
How many soil variations in Beaujolais?
A
over 300
14
Q
What type of wine has gained in popularity in Beaujolais?
A
Rosé increasing 35% since 2015
15
Q
Who 1st planted vineyards?
A
The Romans
16
Q
Who was named for Mont Brouilly?
A
Roman Brulius
17
Q
What Beaujolais Crus is named after Cesar?
A
Juliénas
18
Q
What is vin primeur?
A
Lyonnais tradition to celebrate end of harvest season by drinking Beaujolais
19
Q
Why is Gamay suits for Beaujolais Nouveau?
A
Soft fruitiness and low tannins
20
Q
What is UIVB?
A
Founded 1951
Union Interprofessionals des Vin Beaujolais
-Sets date Nov 15 for Beaujolais Nouveau 1951
21
Q
Who changed the original date of primeur and what year?
A
1985
INAO - Institute National des Appellations d’Origine
22
Q
When is release date for Beaujolais Nouveau?
A
3rd Thursday in November
23
Why is the 3rd Thursday in November release of Beaujolais Nouveau important?
Corresponds with Thanksgiving for marketing
24
How long and wide is Beaujolais?
Long: 34mile / 55km
Wide: 7-9 miles / 11-14km
25
What borders Beaujolais?
N - Mâconnais
S - Lyon
W - Monts du Beaujolais
E - Saône River
26
Beaujolais Climate?
1. Semi-Continental
2. Rain Shadow from Monts du Beaujolais
3. Saône River regulates
4. Mediterranean brings warmth
27
What is a challenge to Gamay for growing and how to mitigate?
Susceptible to Gray Rot
Canopy management important to reduce humidity
28
Beaujolais Hazards?
1. Spring Frost
2. Autumn rain
29
Where does Beaujolais geology rest?
Massif Central
30
Soils of Beaujolais
Old Soils
1. Clay limestone
2. Schist
3. Granite
4. Sand
5. arène & gorrhe
4. Limestone - Pierres Dorées (Golden stones) yellow limestone
31
What is arène / gorrhe?
Sandy soils of weather feldspars, mica, quartz & other
32
Where are best vineyards?
NW - On Steep granite outcrops of Monts du Beaujolais
Where the Crus are.
SE sun exposure
33
What ripens earlier Beaujolais Crus in the North or Beaujolais in the South?
Beaujolais Crus - better sun exposure southern facing.
34
Where are Beaujolais and Beaujolais Villages located?
In the south
Gentle slopes
35
Primary white grape of Beaujolais and percentage?
Chardonnay
2%
36
Primary red grape of Beaujolais and percentage?
Gamay Noir à Jus Blanc
98%
37
Main training?
1. Gobelet (once mandatory)
2. Cordon
3. Éventail (spur prunning)
4. Guyot only white/reds for lower AOCs not Crus
38
Why is Guyot not permitted for crus?
Higher yielding fruit = more yield
Only allowed for R/W Beaujolais and White Beaujolais Villages
39
The finest wines of Beaujolais are produced in the northern part of the region. What is the dominant soil type there?
Granite
40
What is the overall climate of Beaujolais?
Semi-continental
41
When did the Romans conquer Gaul?
52BCE under Cesar
42
What was Lyon originally called?
Colonia Capita Claudia Augusta Lugdunum
or
Lugdunum
43
What is the reason behind the town name Fleurie?
Floral character of the wines the town produces.
44
Brouilly was named after...
Roman Solider who planted the vines in the region
45
Who ruled Beujeu in 10th c for 400 years+?
Lords of Beujeu
46
How did Beaujolais grow?
Lyon put heavy tax on wines from other regions eg Rhône and Bourgogne
&
Rail lines introduced to Paris. became most important market
47
Which cities were especially important in boosting the popularity of Beaujolais?
Paris
Lyon
48
What is the official release date for Beaujolais Nouveau?
The third Thursday in November
49
Clay and Limestone found where
South of Villefranche-sur-Saône and the Nizerland River
50
Pierres Dorées (Golden Stones)
Broken yellow limestone
Saône Plain.
51
Granite, Some schist
Arène or Gorhe
North Beaujolais
52
Cordon training
Spur trained
Authorized for Red Beaujolais Villages and Beaujolais Cru AOCs
53
Éventail Training
Spur trained
Authorized for Red Beaujolais Villages and Beaujolais Cru AOCs
54
Guyot training
Higher yielding
Only permitted for Beaujolais AOC wines – both red and white – and white Beaujolais Villages AOC wines.
55
When is machine harvesting not used.
Is allowed
But mostly too hillly
No allowed for Beaujolais Nouveau
56
What is the most common harvesting method?
Hand
57
What is the unique fermentation in Carbonic maceration called?
Intracellular metabolic fermentation
58
Typical flavors of Carbonic Maceration
Banana
Bubble gum
Raspberry
Cranberry
59
How much ABV is produced when Malic Acid is converted?
2% ABV
60
How do they blend Beaujolais Nouveau?
1. Take the free run in one tank,
2. Press the remaining grape skins that have Intracellular metabolic fermentation
3. Blend the two and naturally ferment
61
Other wine making techniques in Beaujolais
1. Bourgogne - destemmed, yeast driven fermentation, some oak age (Crus)
2. Rosé - direct press or saignée
3. Beaujolais Blanc -traditional white wine making
4. Crémant de Bourgogne - allowed for traditional method
5. Sparkling Gamay - sweet sparkling rosé - méthode ancestrale
62
Describe Sparkling Gamay
Sweet sparkling rosé - méthode ancestrale
No AOC
Sold as Vin de France
No Beaujolais mentioned on label
63
What is Terra Vitis?
Sustainable vine-growing certification created in Beaujolais
1998
64
How many members of Terra Vitis are there?
over 700 across France
65
Which river divides northern Beaujolais from southern Beaujolais?
Nizerand
66
The majority of wines dry white Beaujolais and Beaujolais Villages wines are aged in oak. T/F
False - Carbonic Maceration
67
Beaujolais AOC
96 villages
60% Production
Sold under Beaujolais & Beaujolais Villages and Beaujolais Supérier
Basic - covers entire region
99% Red
Rose and dry white allowed
68
Beaujolais Villages AOC
38
Smaller Zone
Stepper slopes
Different soils
69
Beaujolais Crus AOC
10 Crus
40% of production
Named after Village
70
Grape for Red and Rosé
Regional Beaujolais AOC
100% Gamay almost always
BUT
can have <15% Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Aligoté, Pinot Gris of Melon
71
Style of Red Beaujolais
Regional Beaujolais AOC
Light color
Light tannins
Fresh red fruit
Bright acidity
72
Style of Beaujolais Blanc
Regional Beaujolais AOC
100% Chardonnay
Unoaked
73
Describe Beaujolais Supérieur
Part of Beaujolais AOC NOT separate
-Called supérior if made with lower yields
-more alcohol
74
What are Beaujolais plus Village Name
30 village Beaujolais AOC
Produce wines of higher quality
Can add name
75
What is Beaujolais VIllages
Red, Rosé and dry White
Same rules as Beaujolais AOC
76
Describe Red Beaujolais Villages
Deep color
Less grapey
Deeper berry fruit
Distinct Minerality
Granite soils
77
Describe Beaujolais Village Blanc
100% Chardonnay
More Concentrated than Beaujolais Blanc
78
What are Beaujolais Nouveau classified under?
Either Beaujolais AOC
or
Beaujolais Villages AOC
79
What is the percentage Beaujolais bottled under Beaujolais AOC
2/3rds
80
How many Beaujolais villages are allowed to produce nouveau?
96
81
What is the production figures (2018) and % total Beaujolais for Nouveau?
22 million bottles
20% total Beaujolais Production
82
Can Beaujolais be labeled primeur?
Yes since Nouveau follows same blending formula, yields and min ABV
And may be red or rosé
83
How is Beaujolais Nouveau made?
1. Hand harvest required
2. Semi-carbonic required
3. Early bottled
4. 3rd Thursday in November same year
84
Name the 10 Beaujolais Crus
1. St Amour
2. Juliénas
3. Chénas
4. Moulin-a-vent
5. Fluerie
6. Chiroubles
7. Morgon
8. Régnié
9. Côte de Brouilly
10. Brouilly
85
What is the Beaujolais Cru grape and where are they planted?
Gamay
Steep terrain with granite soils
Lower yields
More concentrated
Old vines
Longer maceration
86
Which Beaujolais Crus are made soft and light?
Three
1. Saint Amour
2. Fleurie
3. Chiroubles
87
Which Beaujolais Crus are more medium bodied?
Four
1. Juliénas
2. Régnié
3. Côte de Brouilly
4. Brouilly
88
Which Beaujolais Crus are powerful and generous?
Three
1. Chénas
2. Moulin-a-vent
3. Morgon
89
Describe Beaujolais Cru?
Always red -100% Gamay
up to 15% Aligoté, Chardonnay and Melon grapes are permitted but no one uses
Hand harvest
90
SAINT-AMOUR AOC
Beaujolais Cru
NW most
Borders' Mâconnais
"Saint Love" - V Day promos
Short & Long macerations
Long more tannic and structured
91
JULIÉNAS AOC
Beaujolais Cru
Named after Cesar
Romans cultivated wines here
Vary diverse soils
Complex and layered wines
92
CHÉNAS AOC
Beaujolais Cru
Means "oak tree"
Concentrated
Require aging for true potential
93
MOULIN-À-VENT AOC
Beaujolais Cru
Named after local windmill
"King of Beaujolais Cru"
MOST FULL-BODIED and tannic
Use Bourgogne vinification method
Become like Pinots
Pinotent - become like pinot
94
Pinoter / Pinotent
Beaujolais Cru that become like Pinot
95
FLEURIE AOC
Beaujolais Cru
MOST FAMOUS
Most ELEGANT and Refined
"Queen of Beaujolais Cru"
Age well
Develops Spice
96
CHIROUBLES AOC
Beaujolais Cru
Produce Benmark Beaujolais
Soft, Fruity and Delicate
HIGHEST 246-444m
COOLEST
Harvest later
97
MORGON AOC
Beaujolais Cru
2nd LARGEST
Ripe Cherry
Warm years - cherry jam or Kirsch
Côt du Py - most famous lieu-dit
98
Côte du Py
Beaujolais Cru
Lieu-Dit
MORGAN AOC
Aged --> earth, forest floor similar to Pinot
Morgonner - locals call this transformation
99
Morgonner
A term used in MORGON AOC to describe Beaujolais Cru turning more like Pinot Noir
100
RÉGNIÉ AOC
Beaujolais Cru
NEWEST
High sand content -->aromatic
Quick to mature
101
CÔTE DE BROUILLY AOC
Beaujolais Cru
Slopes of Mont Brouilly
ONLY ONE to have N,S,E,W vineyards
Volcanic elements - diorite --> spicy, pepper quality
102
BROUILLY AOC
Beaujolais Cru
LARGEST / SOUTHERN MOST
Med influence
Vines on plateau Mt Brouilly
484m
Named after Brulius - Roman who planted vines
Volcanic Diorite soils
103
Beaujolais Cru Lit-Lieu
All Beaujolais Cru have them
Geological and terroir
Seek to reach climats status to eventually achieve Premier Crus status
104
Breakdown on Beaujolais Production
1. Beaujolais AOC - 34%
2. Beaujolais Villages AOC - 26%
3. Brouilly AOC - 8%
4. Morgan - 8%
5. Fleurie - 5%
6. Moulin-à-Vent - 4%
7. Juliénas - 4%
8. Régnié - 3%
9. Côte de Brouilly - 2%
10. Saint-Armour - 2%
11. Chénas - 2%
12. Chiroubles - 2%
105
Coteaux du Lyonnais
Small
S of Beaujolais / N of Rhône
Semi-circle west of LYON
Same climate as Beaujolais with Med influence
White - Chardonnay
Red/Rosé - Gamay
106
How many Beaujolais Crus are there?
10
107
Which Beaujolais Cru has the highest elevation and the coolest conditions?
Chiroubles
