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Soils Flashcards

1
Q

South of Villefranche-sur-Saône and the Nizerland River

A

Clay
Limestone
Fruity wines

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2
Q

Saône Plain.

A

Pierres Dorées (Golden Stones)
Broken yellow limestone
Fruity wines

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3
Q

Diorite

A

Volcanic soils in Côte de Brouilly AOC & Broilly AOC
Spice and Pepper quality

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4
Q

What is Tufeau?

A

Turonian Chalk or White Chalk - Cretaceous Period 90m years olf
Centre Loire
Used for châteaux of Loire

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5
Q

Soils of Anjou-Saumur

A

West - Dark Schist and Sandstone
East - Tuffeau - White Chalk

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6
Q

Perruches

A

Stony, Flinty clays (aubuis) found in Valençay AOC
Vourvray
Montlouis
Eastern Touraine

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7
Q

Where can you find Portlandian and Kimmeridgean Marl?

A

Chablis

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8
Q

What soils do you find Grand Cru, Premier Cru and Chablis AOC planted in?

A

Kimmeridgean Marl
soft limestone-clay
160m years
Small comma shaped oyster

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9
Q

What are Kimmeridgean soils and impact on wine?

A

Soft limestone-rich clay
160m years
Zesty, High Acidity, Mineral
Chablis Grand Crus

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10
Q

What are Portlandian soils and impact on wine?

A

Harder clay and no fossils
Plateaus in Chablis
More exposed
Lighter, fruity with more acid, less mineral
Petit Chablis AOC (some Chablis AOC)

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11
Q

Soils of the Côte de Nuits

A
  1. Sedimentary Limestone
  2. Limestone-Rich Marl - heavier clay-like marl good for red
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12
Q

Soils of the Côte de Beaune

A
  1. Limestone-Rich Marl - heavier clay-like marl good for red
  2. Limestone - lighter good for whites eg Meursault, Chassagne, Puligny
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13
Q

Soils of the Côte Chalonnaise

A
  1. Limestone-Rich Marl most has this same as Beaune
  2. Sandy Marl - From Givry south more like Mâconnais
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14
Q

The Soils of Mâconnais

A
  1. Limestone-Rich Marl (160-220m) Oldest in Bourgogne
  2. Granite and Schist - Beaujolais type soils only found here in all of Bourgogne
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15
Q

In the Mâconnais what is planted on 90% of the limestone?

A

Chardonnay

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16
Q

What are “colluvial” soils?

A

Soils formed by slope wash.

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17
Q

What are “alluvial” soils?

A

Soils formed by river deposits.

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18
Q

What type of soil covers much of Roussillon?

Soils grapes grow?

A

An iron-rich, sandy, red, water-retaining clay

Enormously diversed
Limestone, black schist, granite, gneiss, gray schist, galets, sandstone, shale, quartz, yellow clay, marble and sand and

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19
Q

In Jurançon, the sandy-clay soils are dotted with galets. What are they known as locally?


A

Poudingues

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20
Q

Alsace Soils Lower Foothills

A

Limestone
Calcareous Sandstone
Marl Sandstone
Marly Limestone
Marly Clay
Calcareous-Marl Sandstone

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21
Q

Alsace Vosges lower slope soils

A

Granite
Schist
Volcanic
Sandstone

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22
Q

Alsace Soils - Rhine Plain

A

Alluvial
Loam / Loess (wind blown silt and sand)
Valley Floor Colluvial

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23
Q

What is a “Graben”

A

Geologically-speaking, a graben is a trench that has sunk between two parallel fault lines.

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24
Q

N Rhône soils

A

Granite and mica schist sands

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25
Hermitage Rhône
Clay and sand
26
Crozes-Hermitage
Galets, clay and windblown loess/molasse
27
S Rhône soils types
5 principal 1. gallets (rounded river stones) 2. Garrique (limestone) 3. Sandstone 4. Clay 5. Loess/Molasse (windblown silts and sands)
28
Loess/Molasse
Windblown silts and sands found in Rhône in Alsace Rhine Plain
29
Garrique
Limestone found in Rhône, Languedoc, Provence
30
In Beaujolais, what are weathered feldspars, micas, quartz and other minerals known as?
Arène or gorrhe
31
What are the Pierres Dorées?
“Golden Stones” of broken yellow limestone. Beaujolais
32
Which compound gives the Pierres Dorées their distinctive color?
Iron-oxide “Golden Stones” of broken yellow limestone. Beaujolais
33
The finest wines of Beaujolais are produced in the northern part of the region. What is the dominant soil type there?
Granite
34
Beaujolais Cru with highest concentration of sand?
Régnié Cru - newest and sand makes quicker ripening
35
What is Maquis?
Maquis is a similar aromatic, resinous scrub to garrigue, but this mix of herbs and shrubs grows on acidic, quartz-rich schist.
36
What is Garrique?
Garrigue – a term that refers to the aromatic, resinous herbs that grow upon alkaline soils – is found growing on limestone soils. The word can refer to the limestone soil itself, or the herbs and scrub vegetation that grow on it. It is also used to describe the fragrance of those herbs and even the aromas of the wines that are grown in these soils.
37
What are the steep terraced soils found in Banyul AOC Roussillon
Schist
38
Soils of Champagne?
Chalk Limestone marl Sand and Clay
39
What is Chalk
porous limestone - sedimentary rock from calcium carbonate High in acid
40
What are the 2 types of Chalk in Champagne
Belemite - fossilized dart like squid Micraster - fossilized sea urchin
41
What are Crayères?
Old quarries dug out of limestone used for cellars in Champagne
42
What is the dominant fossil found in Belemnite chalk?
Ancient dart-like relatives of the modern-day squid.
43
What is Kimmeridgean Marl?
A limestone-rich clay whose dominant fossil is Exogyra virgula, a small comma-shaped oyster.
44
Gravel impacts
Warm quickly Firm tannins and structure
45
Sandy soils impact
More opulent, soft fruit forward
46
Limestone impact
Pronounced acidity, lean, polished tannins
47
Bordeaux Left Bank Soils
Warm —> gravel / sand
48
Bordeaux Right Bank
Cool soils —> clay / limestone. Iron rich
49
Cool soils impact
Slows ripening
50
Clay impact
Texture
51
Boulbénes
Fronton AOC Sandy clay soils.
52
Caillottes
Small Limestone pebbles Central Loire
53
Arène
Gorrhe Sandy soils - feldspars Micas, quartz N Beaujolais
54
Aubis
Clay / limestone Touraine
55
Central Loire main soil limestone rich Portlandian marl pebbles? And what does it to do with wine?
Caillottes Perfume Mature quickly
56
What is Central Loire main soil Kimmeridgean marl rich in Oyster fossils ? What does it do to wine?
Terres blanches. (Clay and limestone) Powerful Ageable
57
What is Central Loire main soil Flinty clay? What does it do to wine?
Flint (silex) clay with flint (Argiles à silex) Gunflint
58
What is one of the Central Loire main soils without unique local names?
Sand and gravel (Quincy AOC)
59
Soils of Sancerre AOC
Argiles à silex (gin flint) Caillottes (perfume, mature quick) Terres blanches (powerful age-able)
60
Soils of Pouilly Fumé AOC
Sancerre AOC + some sands
61
Soils of Menetou-Salon AOC
Same as Sancerre AOC
62
Jura soils similar to?
Côte d’Or but 20% limestone and 80% clay
63
Red Marl in Jura is good for which variety?
Red grapes
64
Gravel in Jura is good for which variety?
Trousseau Pinot Noire
65
Jura blue/gray males are good for which variety ?
Savagnin Paulsard
66
Jura blue/gray males are good for which variety ?
Savagnin Paulsard

FWS tb (46 decks)

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